J LIBRARY Of CONGRESS.}, 

I: ^^t V~ $r 

{ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | 



A PARSING 



DRILL BOOK 



IN THE 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



Bt EDWARD CONANT, A. ■ 3&, 

PRINCIPAL OF THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, AT RANDOLPH* VT. 




RUTLAND, YT.;4 

Pt'BLISHED BY TUTTLE & COMPANY. 

1873. 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, 

By EDWARD CONANT, 

in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



*l*., fnaitr*. Xwuwa, V;. 



PREFACE. 



This work is meant for a drill book in elements. It is 
designed to help forward sueh a study of the English lan- 
guage as will enable one to read at least modern English 
authors with enjoyment, and to express clearly his own 
thoughts. The aim in it particularly is to lead to a study of 
words in respect to their forms, formation, and meaning; and 
of sentences as representatives of thought. 

Questions, directions, and references, have been subjoined 
to a part of the text at the beginning of the book, to indicate 
modes of handling words and sentences. Very few of the 
questions and directions lead to exercises usually called gram 
matical, as it is supposed that such will be sufficiently sug- 
gested by a proper study of the grammar. 

The method of word analysis, inserted and illustrated, has 
been for some time in actual use, with good results. 

The " Roots of English Words " at the end of the book is 
a third edition, revised, enlarged and improved. The first 
editions, constantly used in classes for several years, have 
been found to do good service. This list of " Roots" has 
been drawn almost exclusively from the selections contained 
in the book, the intention being to include nearly every root 
to be found in the words of the text, with its various forms, 
its most common prefixes, and its meaning. Though not 
prepared as a general collection of the root forms of our 
language, it will be found to contain a very large proportion 
of such as are oftenest met with in reading. 

It scarcely need be said that the longer root forma are 



[ Vm PREFACE. 

generally derived from shorter forms by the addition of 
significant parts, and that so they often differ from them in 
meaning. 

A few very familiar English primitives have been inserted 
to give a hint of what may be done with others. Of such 
come is an example. A few words of foreign origin were 
supposed to beTamiliar enough to need no help from this list, 
and their roots were not included. Of these latitude is an 
example. A few Mere found to be of double or doubtful 
origin, or to have undergone such transformations as to make 
the explanation of them by their roots to the English scholar 
a thing of doubtful utility, and their roots were omitted. 
Examples of such are refuse, custom. 

This table of roots is not designed to supersede the use of 
the dictionary, it can be used to best advantage with the aid 
of a dictionary. Those who desire to go more fully into the 
subject will find excellent help in Oswald's Etymological 
Dictionary and in Haldernan's Affixes to English Words. 
Of course no teacher of the English speech will be without 
Trench's Study of Words. 

It is hoped that the selections herewith presented will prove 
worthy of study in themselves and for the authors and works 
to which they give some slight introduction. 

This edition is enlarged in all its parts. New selections 
have been added to give a greater variety of exercises. The 
Table of Roots has been enlarged to correspond with the 
added selections, tables of Prefixes and of Suffixes, and a 
Biographical Index, have been introduced ; and Scanning 
Jps been briefly treated in the Introductory Lessons. 

To my fellow teachers, and others, who have favored me 
with suggestions, my thanks are herewith presented. Their 
approval is the reason for the appearance of this edition. 

Randolph, Nov., 1873. 



CONTENTS. 



I 

TO TEACHERS. INTRODUCTORY LESSONS. 

To Teachers, 7 Word Analysis, Examples, 17 

The Sentence, 9 Word Analysis, Order of, 19 

The Uses of Sentences, 9 Words for Analysis, 19 

Words, 10 A Sentence with Questions, 20 

Sounds, 10 Feet. Scanning. 24 

Letters, 11 Kinds of Lines, 25 

Syllables, 12 Kinds of Stanzas, 2t> 

Diphthongs, etc. 13 A Sentence with Questions, 28 

Derivation 13 Elisha and Joash, Questions, 29 

Rules for Spelling, 15 Solomon's Request, Questions, 31 

Compound Words, 1(5 A Sentence with Questions, 32 

Accent, Emphasis, 17 

SELECTIONS. 

Sentences, 33 

An Address (with Questions,) Abraham Lincoln. 38 

Springs, Rivers and the Sea, John Lode. 40 

The Bobolink, The Boston Post. 41 

Robert of Lincol n , William OuUeh Bryant 42 

Rivers, John Buskin. 44 

A Fable, BiUe , 45 

The Sources of the Nile, Sir Samuel White Baker. 45 

Use Plain Language, Willsorts Fifth Beader. 47 

The Winter Palace of Ice, James Bussell Lowell. 48 

A Noble Revenge, Thomas Be Quincey. 49 

The Vision of Mirza, Joseph Addison. 51 

The Lady of Shallott, Alfred Tennyson. 55 

In Long Meter, (To Seneca Lake,) James Gates Bercival 57 

In Common Meter, James Montgomery. 58 

In Short Meter, James Montgomery. 58 



Y i # CONTENTS, 

In Hallelujah Meter, Anne Steele. 59 

In the Spenserian Stanza, . . Edmund Spenser. 60 

In Composite Yerse, Alfred Tennyson. 60 

The Journey of a Day, Samuel Johnson. 61 

The Bells of Shanclon, Francis Mahony. 65 

The Postman, William Cowper. 67 

Knowledge and Wisdom, Willyim Cowper. 67 

The Blind Men and the Elephant, John Godfrey Saxe. 68 

The Army of Charles V before Algiers, William Bobertson. 69 

The Second Inaugural Address, Abraham Lincoln. 73 

Set Down my Name, Sir, John Bunyan. 75 

The Zeal not Proper for Religion, Jeremy Taylor. 76 

Tom Smart's Ride, Charles Dickens. 77 

Vicissitude, Thomas Gray. 79 

Green River, William Cullen Bryant. 81 

Grace Preferable to Beauty, Oliver Goldsmith. 83 

To His Mother— A Letter, Thomas Gray. 86 

To His Father— A Letter, Thomas Gray. 88 

To Major Cowper — A Letter, William Cowper. 90 

To Rev. Win. Unwin — A Letter, William Cowper. 91 

Paul Revere's Ride, Henry Wadsworth LongfelUw. 93 

Julius CaBsar, Act I, Scene I, William Shakespeare. 97 

The Relationship of Words, Richard Chevenix Trench. 99 

Christmas, Washington Irving. 100 

The Village of Grand Pre, ...Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. 106 

Boston Ministered to by the Continent, George Bancroft. 108 

Old China, Charles Lamb. Ill 

The Sky, , '. John Buskin, 117 

Roots of English Words with Prefixes, 121 

Prefixes, 151 

Sufiixes, 152 

Biographical Index 154 



TO TEACHERS. 



THE ESSENTIAL PART 



of this book is the text of the selections. Whatever else it con- 
tains has been introduced to facilitate the study of that text. 

THE INTRODUCTORY LESION * 

contain some things that, if not here collected, one would have to 
look in several books for. 

THE SENTENCE 

is the proper unit of speech, and so is the first thing- to be treated 
in the study of language. Beginning with the lesson entitled The 
Sentence read over with the class the groups of words, and see that 
the distinction among the groups is well understood by the pupil. 
Then let him write out such groups as are sentences, and form 
other groups, some making sentences, and some not making sen- 
tences. 

THE USES OP SENTENCES 

should be considered next, and the lesson bearing that title treated 
in the same way. When the pupils have become able to form and 
to recognize sentences of the several classes, they should learn the 
definitions of the first two lessons. 

THE LESSONS FOLLOWING 

should be treated in a similar maimer, being taken up slowly In 
connection with abundant exercises in the formation of sentences 
and in classifying the sentences of the selections in the body of the 
book. 

WORD ANALYSIS 

tends, first of all, to promote accuracy in pronunciation and spell- 
ing, and is an important exercise. After the method has been 
learned and applied to the 



Vlll. 



TO TEACAERS. 



WORDS FOR ANALYSIS 

it should be applied to the words as they stand in the selections, 

THE SCANNING 

of the simpler forms of poetry is very easy. It is also very useful 
as leading to a better knowledge of the accentuation and construc- 
tion of words, and to an observation of the musical or unmusical 
effect of words and combinations. Scanning is best learned by 
imitation. Let the teacher select an easy passage from some 
poem in the book, as for example, the first lines of " The Lady of 
Shallott," and scan to the class, then with the class, then let the 
'class scan without the teacher; and, in due time, let each pupil 
scan the passage by himself. After a few exercises of this sort, the 
lessons relating to scanning may be studied in the same way as 
the previous ones. 

ROOTS, 

primes and suffixes are best studied in connection with the text 
oi" some good author. 

To begin the study of these, let the teacher read over with the 
class the text of the lessons entitled A Sentence with Questions, and 
of those entitled Elisha and Joasli,. Solomon's Bequest and An Ad* 
dress, observing in the notes what words are given as having pre- 
fix or sufiix, and the parts of such words. Then find in the tables 
the several prefixes, roots and suffixes, and their meaning. After 
going over these lessons in this way, let them be often reviewed, 
the teacher calling for the prefix, root, primitive, or suffix of a 
word, and the class, or a pupil, responding with the part and its 
meaning. When these lessons have been gone through with many 
times in this way, the class should be set to learning the prefixes 
and the suffixes, such exercises as are above described being kept 
up meanwhile. 

The writing of words and their parts on the blackboard, as they 
are presented in the notes referred to, is a good exercise for a class. 

THE NOTES AND QUESTIONS 

whose use has not yet been particularly described, are designed 
rather to be read by the teacher and pupil, for the suggestions they 
may -afford, than for class use. 



THE SENTENCE. 

Groups of Words. Examine them. 

Sun sky stars if of. Lamp book hear sight good. The 
sun shines. Inkstand pens paper. This is a good pen. 
How it rains ! Seeing such hat band-box. The horse 
runs. Fire flow water grass oxen. The cherry is ripe. 
Is the apple ripe ? Can you see the hawk '? Hear him. 

Copy those groups of words that tell something or ask something 

A sentence is a group of words making complete sense, 
or, A sentence is a thought expressed in words. 

Words and sense are necessary to a sentence. 



THE USES OF SENTENCES. 

I. Sentences used to assert. 

He greets me well. I am a soldier. You may do so. 
The storm is up. The gods to-day stand friendly. 

II. Sentences used to ask questions. 

Whence comest thou ? Saw you anything ? Did he 
take interest ? Where is my instrument 2 Calls my lord ? 

III. Sentences used to command or exhort. 
Consent thou not. Say not thou. See thou to that. 

Be ye warned. Be ye therefore perfect. Turn ye. Believe 
not so. Give me your hand. Pause there. Draw aside 
the curtains. Speak to me. Come on. 

IV. Sentences used to express strong emotion. 
How ill this taper burns ! What a fearful night is this ! 

How beautiful the fresh green fields are ! 

Sentences are used for four general purposes; (I) to 
assert, (2) to ask questions, (3) to command or entreat, (4) 
to express strong emotion. 



10 A BRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

I. Sentences used to assert are declarative. 

II. Sentences used to ask questions are interrogative. 

III. Sentences used to command or entreat are imper 
ative. 

IV. Sentences used to express strong emotion are 
exclamatory. 

a. Every sentence should begin with a capital letter. 

b. Every declarative sentence, and every imperative 
sentence should be followed by a period. 

c. Every interrogative sentence should be followed by 
an interrogation point. 

d. Every exclamatory sentence should be followed by 
an exclamation point. 



WORDS 

Groups of Letters. Examine them. 

Aabib, ggthe, oegin, outer , eonneryic, buying. 

Give the sound of each letter in each group. Combine the 
letters in syllables and pronounce, if you can. 

Which of the groups mean something ? The groups that mean 
something ar3 words. 

Words are either spoken or written. A spoken word 
is a sound or a group of sounds used as the sign of an 
idea. 

A written word is a letter or a group of letters used as 
the sign of an idea, or briefly. 

A word is the sign of an idea, 



SOUNDS. 
4, /, O: 

Pronounce these words. Pronounce making the sounds very 
short, making the sounds very long. The mouth is kept open, and 
the breath is not stopped in making these sounds, 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. ^' 

Such sounds consist of pure tone. and are called vocals. 

At, if, it, up. 

Pronounce these words aloud. Give separately the sounds of 
each word. Give the vocal sounds of each word. Pronounce these 
words in whisper. Give separately in whisper the sounds of each 
word. One sound in each word is the same when the word is whis- 
pered as when it is spoken aloud. 

Such sounds consist of pure breath and are called 

aspirates. 

Am, an, in, on, or. 

Pronounce these words aloud. Give separately the sounds of 
each word. Give the vocal sounds of the words. Give the sounds 
not vocal. Pronounce each word in whisper. Give separately in 
whisper the sounds of each word. The sounds not vocal are not the 
game in the whispered word as in the word spoken aloud. 

Such sounds consist of tone and breath united and are 
called subvocals. 

An elementary sound is one of the simple sounds used 
in speech. 

There are three classes of elementary sounds ; vocals, 
aspirates and subvocals. 

Vocals consist of pure tone. 

Aspirates consist of pure breath. 

Subvocals consist of tone and breath united. 



LETTEKS. 

Bat, bate, fan, fain, pain, cub, cube, receipt, might. 

Pronounce these words. Give the vocal sounds of the words, the 
aspirate sounds, the subvocal sounds. 

Name the letters representing the vocal sounds, the aspirate 
sounds, the subvocal sounds, those representing no sound. 

A letter is a character used to represent an elementary 
sound. 

There are three classes of letters ; vowels, aspirates, 
subvocals. 



^2 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

Letters that represent vocal sounds are vowels. 

Letters that represent aspirate sounds are called aspirates. 

Letters that represent subvocal sounds are called sub- 
vocals. 

Letters representing aspirate sounds and letters repre- 
senting subvocal sounds are consonants. 

Letters that represent no sound are silent. 

The vowels are ; a, e, i, o, u, and w and y when not 
joined in pronunciation with a following vowel. 

The aspirates are : e, f, h, k, p, s as in sun, t, th as in 
think, s h, ch, x as in tax, wh. 

The sub vocals are ; b, d, g,j, I, m, n, ng, r, s as in wise, 
th as in this, v, w and y when not vowels, x as in example, z. 



SYLLABLES. 

Man, out, see, knife, word, pen, get, hear, speak. 

Pronounce these words. They are pronounced by one 
impulse of the voice. 

Such words are monosyllables. 

Manly, outward, paper, vocal, accent, consist. 

Pronounce those words. They are pronounced by two 
impulses of the :.^e. 

Such words are disyllables. 

Aspirate, excellent, subvocal, syllable, courageous. 
Pronounce these words. They are pronounced by three 
impulses of the voice. 

Such words are trisyllables. 

Excellently, accommodation, ungrammatically . 

Pronounce these words. They each require more than 
three impulses of the voice. 

Such words are polysyllables. 

An impulse of the voice is such an effort as is made in 
pronouncing words, like man, out, see. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. ^ 

A syllable is a word or a part of a word pronounced 
by one impulse of the voice. 

A monosyllable is a word of one syllable. 

A dissyllable is a word of two syllables. 

A trisyllable is a word of three syllables. 

A polysyllable is a word of more than three syllables. 



DIPHTHONGS. TRIPHTHONGS. DIGRAPHS. 

Oil, loud) town, fair, great) height) say, saw, aught. 

Pronounce these w r ords. In each word two vowels 
stand together in the same syllable. 

Two vowels standing together in the same syllable are a 
diphthong. 

In oil) loud, town, both vowels are sounded ; in fair 
great, height) say) aught) only one of the vowels is sounded. 

A diphthong in which both vowels are sounded is a 
proper diphthong. 

A diphthong in which only one vowel is sounded is an 
improper diphthong. 

Beauty) lieu, view, buoy. 

Pronounce these words. In each word three vowels 
stand together in one syllable. 

Three vowels standing together in one syllable are a 
triphthong. 

Sing) this, when, jphysic, child, fish. 

Pronounce these words. In each word are two conso- 
nants standing together to represent one sound. 

Two consonants standing together to represent one 
sound are a digraph. 



DERIVATION. 

Come, become, income) outcome) overcome) welcome, 
comely, comeliness, uncomely, forthcoming, unbecoming. 



|4 A DRILL AND fAHSLNG BOOK IN THE 

These words have a common part come, which is itself 
an English word. The other words are formed from the 
word come by putting other parts before or after, or both 
before and after it. The word come is not derived from 
any other English word, and is a primitive word. The 
other words are derivative words. This is derivation by 
addition. 

See. saw; Mow, blew; tread, trod; man, men. 

The second word in each pair is derived from the first, 
by change of vowel. This is derivation by internal 
change. 

Sell, sold; teach, taught; shall, should; will, would. 

The second word in each pair is derived from the first. 
In each derivative there is (1) an addition, (2) change of 
vowel, (3) change of consonants. This is derivation by 
addition and interal change. 

Conceive, deceive, perceive, receive, receiving, received, 
receiver, receivers, receivable. 

These words have a common part ceive from which 
words are formed by additions ; but that common part is 
not itself an English word. Such a common part is a root. 

A primitive is a word not derived from any other word 
in the language. 

A derivative is a word formed from some other word 
in the language. 

A root is a syllable or a group of syllables, not itself an 
English word, from which English words are formed by 
additions. 

A prefix is a part put before a primitive or a root to 
form a word. 

A suffix i£ a part put after a primitive or a root to form 
a word. 

There are three modes of derivation from primitives, 
(1) by addition, (2) by internal change, (3) by addition 
and internal change. 

Note 1.— When the derivation is by addition a pan may be dropped as 
love, loving ; send, sent ; have, had; young, youth. 

Note 2. A new word is sometimes formed by dropping a part, as alone, 
lone ; an, a; mine, my; thine, thy ; agone, ago. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. \ b 



RULES FOR SPELLING, 

Accident^ graceful, racy, gentle, gyrate, gigantic. 

Give the sounds of c and g in these words. 6" before 
e, i, y has the sound of s ; and g before e, i, y has the 
sound of J. These are the soft sounds of c and g. The 
other sounds of c and g are their hard sounds. 

Hat, hate ; rag, rage ; since, face. 

Compare the number of letters in each of these words 
with the number of sounds in the word. E in hate shows 
that a has a long sound, e in rage and in face shows that 
the vowel before it has a long sound and that the conso- 
nant before it has its soft sound. 

Write , writing ; slate , slaty : conceive, conceivable. 

Each primitive ends with e. i Each derivative drops e 
and adds a suffix beginning with a vowel. 

Courage, courageous : charge, chargeable : grace, 
gracious. 

Each primitive ends in e preceded by g and c. Each 
suffix begins with a letter before which g and c are hard. 
E is retained in the first two and becomes i in the third, 

Carry, carried ; espy, espial ; heavy, heaviness. 

Each primitive ends in y preceded by a consonant, the 
y is changed before a suffix. 

Survey, surveyor; destroy, destroying ; allay, allayed. 

Each primitive ends in y preceded by a vowel, the y 
remains before a suffix. 

Fly, flying ; lie, lying ; bounty, bounteous. 

Two rs are not brought together, sometimes y becomes e. 

Pen, penning ; compel, compilative ; acquit, acguitted. 



16 A DRILL AMD PARSING BdpK IN THE 

The first primitive is a monosyllable, the second and 
third are accented on the last syllable. Each primitive 
ends with a single consonant. Each final consonant in 
the first two primitives is preceded by a single vowel, and 
in the last by a vowel after qu. Each derivation adds a 
syllable beginning with a vowel, and doubles the final con- 
sonant of the primitive. 

O and g are generally soft before e, i, ?/, and are hard 
in other situations. 

E final generally shows that the preceding vowel has 
a long sound. 

E final is generally dropped before a suffix beginning 
with a vowel ; but it is sometimes retained or changed to 
i after c or g to preserve the soft sound of c or g. 

Y final preceded by a consonant is changed to i before 
a suffix ; but two i's must not be brought together. 

Y final preceded by a vowel is unchanged before a 
suffix. 

A single consonant ending a monosyllable or a word 
accented on the last syllable, and following a single vowel, 
or a vowel after qu, is doubled before a suffix beginning 
with a vowel. 



COMPOUND WORDS. 

Inkstand, pen-holder, overgrown, notwithstanding . 

These words consist of two or more words each. 

A word consisting of two or more words is a compound 
word. 

Compounds that have been long in use are written and 
printed like other words. 

New compounds generally have the parts separated by 
a hyphen. , 

The words put together to form a compound may be 
either primitive or derivative words/ 



ELEMENTS-OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, J f 



ACCENT. EMPHASIS. 

Happy, relief \ congregate, completed, preparation. 

Iu each of theso words, one syllable is uttered with 
more force than the others, and is the accented syllable. 

Give me the book. Commend me to your father. 

Iri each of these sentences, the first word and the last 
are uttered with more force than the others ; these arc 
the emphatic words. 

Accent is the greater stress of voice given to one syl- 
lable of a word. 

Emphasis is the greater stress of voice given to some 
word or words of a sentence. 



WOKD ANALYSIS. EXAMPLES. • 

LETTER. 

Letter is a word of six letters ; of these two, e, e, are 
vowels, single and sounded ; and four, 1, t, t, r, are con- 
sonants, of which t, t are aspirates representing but one 
sound, and 1, r are subvocals, single and sounded. Letter 
is a dissyllable, accented on the first syllable, a primitive 
word, a simple word. 

SPOILER. 

Spoiler is a word of seven letters ; of these three, o, 
i, e, are vow T els ; o, i form a proper diphthong, e is single 
and sounded ; four, s, p, 1, r, are consonants, of which 
two, s, p, are aspirates, and two, 1, r, are subvocals ; the 
consonants are single and sounded. Spoiler is a dissyl- 
lable, accented on the first syllable, — a derivative word 
from the primitive spoil, with the suffix er, and a simple 
word. 



18 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN TtlE 

UNTIMELY. 

Untimely is a word of eight letters ; of these four, u, 
i, e, y, are vowels; u, i, y are single and sounded, and 
e is silent ; and four, n, t, m, 1, are consonants, of w r hich 
n, in, 1 are sub vocals, and t is an aspirate ; all are single 
and sounded. Untimely is a trisyllable, accented on the 
second syllable, — a derivative word formed from the 
primitive timely, with the prefix un ; and timely is a de- 
rivative word formed from the primitive time, with the 
suffix ly. 

NOTWITHSTANDING. 

Notwithstanding is a word of fifteen letters ; of these 
four, o, i, a, i, are vowels, single and sounded ; and eleven, 
n, t, w, t, h, s, t, n, d, n, g, are consonants, of which six, 
n, w, n, d, n, g, are subvocals, and five, t, t, h, s, t, are 
aspirates ; the second t with h forms a subvocal digraph, 
and the last n with g forms a subvocal digraph ; the others 
are single and sounded. Notwithstanding is a polysyl- 
lable, accented on the third syllable, — a compound word, 
of which the component parts are not, with, and stand- 
ing ; of these not and with are primitives, and standing 
is a derivative from the primitive stand with the suffix 
ing. 

gentlemanly. 

Gentlemanly is a word of eleven letters ; of these 
four, e, e, a, y, are vowels, single ; the first e, a, y sounded, 
the second e silent ; seven, g, n, t, 1, m, n, 1, are conso- 
nants,of which six, g, n, 1, in, n, 1, are subvocals, and one 
t is an aspirate ; they are single and sounded. Gentle- 
manly is a polysyllable, accented on the first syllable, — 
a derivative from the primitive gentleman, with the suf- 
fix ly. Gentleman is a compound word*, of which the 
component parts are gentle and mail. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. J 9 



ORDER OF WORD ANALYSIS. 



f ( single ( sounded 

j —vowels j { 

(combined (silent 
a word of { — letters { 

j'e (sounded 
I —consonants { 



!— aspirates ( sing e 
— subvocals ( combi] 



I { —subvocals ( combined ( silent 

C monosyllable f 

" iS ^ a < ?r\ S sTna a ble | accented on the - syllable. 

t polysyllable [ 

i primitive. 

( derivative (primitive, prefix, suffix). 

{simple, 
compound (component parts). 



^EXERCISE IN WORD ANALYSIS. 

All the words in the following lists are for practice in spelling 
by sounds and in word analysis. Some of the lists are also for 
other purposes, as indicated. 

(1) Bat, cat, met, pin, not, tub, cyst. 

To illustrate the rule for the sounds for c and g. 

(2) Cent, city, cymbal, can, cry, frolic. 

(3) Gentle, ginger, gyve, gag, gossip, argus. 
To illustrate further the rule for the sounds of c. 

(4) Colicky, physicked, talcky, trafficker, zincky. 
To illustrate one use of e final. 

(5) Bate, care, mete, pine, note, tube, cyme. 
To illustrate one other use of e final. 

(6) Prance, pounce, lounge, sponge, cringe, voice. 
To illustrate two uses of e final. 

(7) Face, ice, nice, spruce, cage, page, huge. 
To illustrate the rule for doubling in derivatives. 

(8) Running, acquitting, blurring, happy, ruddy. 



20 A DRILL AND PAUSING BOOK IN THE 

To illustrate the rule for dropping e final. 
(9) Loving, eying, forcible, blamable, changing. 
To illustrate exceptions to the rule for dropping e final. 

(10) Chargeable, peaceable, courageous, seeing, hoeing. 
To illustrate the rule for y final. 

(11) Marriage, pitiful, merriment, duties, days. 
To illustrate exceptions to the rule for y final. 

(12) Carrying, pitying, slyly, beauteous, dying. 



A SIMPLE SENTENCE WITH QUESTIONS. 

In the beginning God created the heaven and the 
earth. 

I. — Read the sentence. Tell what it means. What 
is the smallest number of these words that you can put 
together and make sense ? Write those words. "What 
words stand before these in the sentence ? In what other 
places in the sentence can you put those first words ? In 
how many other places ? What words in the sentence 
follow those you have chosen to write ? In what other 
places in the sentence can you put those last words? In 
how many other places ? 

Who is spoken of as doing something in this sentence ? 
What did he do ? What was the result of his doing ? 
When did he do it ? Write the word denoting the Being 
spoken of in this sentence. Write the word denoting the 
act performed. Write the words denoting the result of 
the act. Write the words denoting the time of the act. 

How many are the principal ideas expressed in this 
sentence ? How many of the principal ideas are expressed 
by a single word ? How many by a group of words ? 
What single words express each a principal idea of the 
sentence % What groups of words express each a princi- 
pal idea of the sentence ? 

Write the sentence in as many ways as you can, chang- 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. ^1 

In the beginning God created the heaven and the 
earth. 

ing the order of the words, but not changing the words. 
Express the meaning of the sentence as nearly as you 
can in different words. 

II. — How many words in this sentence ? How many 
letters in the first word ? Name them. How many in 
the second word ? Name them. How many in each 
other word of the sentence ? Name them. Write in a 
column the letters used in this sentence. After each 
letter in the column place a figure showing how many 
times the letter is used in the sentence. 

Pronounce the first word of the sentence. How many 
sounds are combined in the word \ Give the sounds. 
What letter represents the first sound \ What the second \ 
Give the sound of i in in. Give the sound of n in in. 

Pronounce the second word in the sentence. How 
many sounds are combined in the word % Give the 
sounds. What letters represent the first sound ? What 
letter represents the second sound ? Give the sound of 
th in the. Give the sound of e in the. 

Pronounce each other word in the sentence. Give for 
each word the sounds combined in it. Name the letters 
representing the several sounds. Give the sound repre- 
sented by each letter or combination of letters. How 
many sounds in each of the several words of the sentence ( 
How many letters ? How many combinations of letters 
to represent a single sound ? How many letters repre- 
senting no sound ? In what words of the sentence is the 
number of letters greater than the number of sounds I 
In what words is the number of letters equal to the num- 
ber of sounds ? What do we call a letter representing 
no sound ? Write in a column the combinations of letters 
used in this sentence, each to represent a single sound. 
After each combination write a figure showing how many 
times the combination is used in the sentence. 

III. — Pronounce in whisper the seventh word of the 
sentence. Give in whisper the sounds of the word. What 



22 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

In the beginning God created the heaven and the 
earth. 

letter represents the first sound ? What the second \ 
What the third % What the fourth ? 

Pronounce the word aloud. Give aloud the sounds of 
the word that can be given aloud. What letter represents 
the first sound ? What the second ? What the third % 
What the fourth ? 

To what letter do you give the same sound when the 
word, is whispered that you give to it when the word is 
spoken aloud ? Go through with all the words of the 
sentence, first pronouncing each in whisper, and giving its 
sounds in whisper, then pronouncing the word aloud, and 
giving its Bounds aloud, and see what sounds are the 
same when the word is whispered as when it is spoken 
aloud. What do the whispered sounds consist of ? What 
are the whispered sounds called ? What are the letters 
representing whispered sounds called ? 

.Return to the seventh word of the sentence and pro- 
nounce it aloud. Give aloud such of the sounds of the 
word as can be given aloud, and observe that in giving 
some of the sounds you stop the breath by tongue or lips. 
Pronounce the word and give the sounds again, observing 
more carefully. Go through with all the words of the 
sentence, observing what sounds not aspirate you stop the 
breath to make, and what sounds not aspirate you make 
without stopping the breath. What do we call those 
sounds not aspirate that we can make without stopping 
the breath? What do we call the letters representing 
those sounds ? What do we call those sounds not as- 
pirate that we stop the breath to make ? What do we 
call the letters representing those sounds ? 

Make a list of the aspirates in this sentence. Of the 
vowels. Of the subvocals. Of the silent letters. Of 
the dipthongs. Of the digraphs. 

IV. — Pronounce the words of the sentence. How 
many impulses of the voice are required for the first word ? 
How many for the second word ? For the third 1 For 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 23 

In the beginning God created the heaven and the 
earth. 

each of the other words \ What do we call that part of 
a word which is pronounced by a single impulse of the 
voice ? Define monosyllable, dissyllable, trisyllable, poly- 
syllable. Make a list of words of one syllable from the 
sentence. Of words of two syllables. Of three syllables. 

V. — From the fifth word of the sentence take the last 
letter ; what word remains ? What does the remaining 
word mean ? What does created mean ? What does 
the d mean ? 

From the seventh word take the last letter ; what is 
the remaining word ? What does the remaining word 
mean ? What does heaven mean ? What does the n 
mean? 

From the third word take the last three letters ; what 
does the remaining word mean ? What does beginning 
mean % What does the ing mean ? After taking off ing, 
ia the remaining word correctly spelled ? Give the rule 
of spelling applicable to beginning 

From the third word «take the first two letters ; take 
away also the last four letters, — what remains ? What is 
the meaning of the remaining word ? What is the mean- 
ing of begin ? What is the meaning of be ? What is 
the use of be in tnis word ? Is gin, meaning to commence, 
in use at the present time ? 

From the last word take the last two letters. The re- 
maining word is ear, meaning to plow. Earth means 
that which is plowed. What does the th mean \ 

What is a primitive word ? What is a derivative word ? 
Make a list of the primitive words in the sentence. Of 
the derivative words. Of the primitives found in the 
derivative words. Of the prefixes. Of the suffixes. What 
is a prefix ? What is a suffix ? 

What are the elements of the words we speak { What 
are the elements of the words we write ? By what 
organs do we recognize spoken words ? By what written 
words ? By what organs do we express spoken words '( 
By what do we express written words ? 



24 A BRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 



FEET. SCANNING, 

On either side the river lie. — Tennyson. 

Read the line. The accented syllables are ei, side, riv, 
lie. The syllables of the line are grouped in pairs, of 
which the second syllable is accented and the first unac- 
cented. Such a group of syllables is an iambic foot, 
or an iambus. 

Little breezes dusk and shiver. — Tennyson. 

The accented syllbles are lit, breez, dusk, shiv. The 
syllables of the line are grouped in pairs, of which the 
first syllable is accented and the second is unaccented. 
Such a group of syllables is a trochaic foot, or a trochee. 

When the firmament quivers with daylighVs young 
beam. — Bryant. 

The accented syllables are fir, quiv, day, beam. The 
syllables of the line are grouped in triplets, of which the 
last syllable is accented and the first two are unaccented. 
Such a group of syllables is an anapestic foot, or an 
anapest. 

Hail to the chief who in triumph advances. — Scott. 

The accented syllables are hail, chief, tri, vane. The 
last two syllables of the line are a trochee, the other syl- 
lables are grouped in triplets, of w r hich the first syllable 
is accented and the last two are unaccented. Such a 
group of syllables is a dactylic foot, or a dactyl. 

One after another the white clouds are fleeting. — 

Tennyson. 

The accented syllables are af, oth, white, fleet. The 
syllables ot the line are grouped in triplets, of which the 
second syllable is accented, and the first and the last are 
unaccented. Such a group of syllables is an amphibrachic 
foot, or an amphibrach. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. gg 

• A foot is one of the groups of syllables of which a line 
of poetry is composed. 

There are used in English poetry five principal feet : 
the iambus, the trochee, the anapest, the dactyl, the am- 
phibrach, 

A trochee is a foot of two syllables, of which the first 
is accented. 

An iambus is a foot of two syllables, of which the 
second is accented. 

A dactyl is a foot of three syllables, of which the first 
is accented. 

An amphibrach is a foot of three syllables, of which 
the second is accented. 

An anapest is a foot of three syllables, of which the 
third is accented. 

Scanning is the reading of poetry, so as to show what 
the several feet are. 



KINDS OF LINES. 

Italy.— Bryant. 

In this line is one foot, a dactyl. Because the foot is 
a dactyl, the line is dactylic ; because there is only one 
foot in it, the line is a monometer. 

He is gone, he is gone. — Shakespeare. 

In this line are two anapests. Because the feet are 
anapests, the line is anapestic ; because there are two feet 
in it, the line is dimeter. 

Come hither, come hither, come hither. — Shakespeare. 

In this line are three amphibrachs. Because the feet 
are amphibrachs, the line is amphibrachic ; because there 
are three feet in it, the line is a trimeter. 

Willows whiten, aspens cjuiver. — Tennyson. 

In this line are four trochees. Because the feet are 
trochees, the line is trochaic ; because there are four feet, 
the line is tetrameter. 



26 



A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 



Knowledge is proud that he has learned so much. — 

Cowper. 

In this line are four iambics and one trochee. Because 
the prevailing foot is the iambus, the line is iambic ; be- 
cause there are five feet in it, the line is a pentameter. 

In the Acadian land on the shores of the Basin of 
Minas. — Longfellow. 

In this line are five dactyls and one trochee. Because 
the prevailing foot is the dactyl, the line is dactylic ; be- 
cause there are six feet in it, the line is a hexameter. 

A verse composed of iambics, is iambic. 

« " trochaics, is trochaic. 

" " dactyls, is dactylic. 

" " anapests, is anapestic. 

" " amphibrachs, is amphibrachic. 

A verse consisting of one foot, is a monometer, 

" " two feet is a dimeter. 

" " three feet, is a trimeter. 

" " four feet, is a tetrameter. 

" " five feet, is a pentameter. 

" " six feet, is a hexameter. 



METERS. STANZA. RHYME. 

Truth crushed to earth shall rise again ; 

The eternal years of God are hers ; 
But Error, wounded writhes in pain, 

And dies among his worshippers. — Bryant. 

Count the lines and the feet in each line, and notice 
the kind of foot. This is long meter. 

The fragrant birch, above him, hung 

Her tassels in the sky ; 
And many a vernal blossom sprung, 

And nodded careless by. — Bryant. 

Count the lines an 1 Hie feet in each line, and notice the 
kind of foot. This is common meter. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 2 7 

Behold the morning sun 

Begins his glorious way ; 
His beams through all the nations run, 

And life and light convey. — Watts. 

Count the lines and the feet in each line, and notice 
the kind of foot. This is short meter. 

Hark what celestial sounds, 
What music fills the air ! 
Soft warbling to the morn 
It strikes the ravished ear. 

Now all is still ; 

Now wild it floats 

In tuneful notes, 

Loud, sweet and shrill. 

— Sabbath Hymn Booh. 

Count the lines and the feet in each line, and notice the 
kind of foot. This is hallelujah ir 

There is a pleasure in the pathless woods, 

There is a rapture on the lonely shore, 

There is society where none intrudes 

By the deep sea, and music in its roar ; 

I love not man the less, but nature more, 

From these our interviews, in which I steal 

From all I may be, or have been before, 

To mingle with the universe, and feel 

What I can ne'er express, yet cannot all conceal. — Byron. 

Count the lines and the feet in each line, and notice the 
kind of feet and the arrangement of the like sounds at 
the end of the lines. This is the Spenserian stanza. 

When breezes are soft and skies are fair, 
I steal an hour from study and care, 
And hie me away to the woodland scene, 
Where wanders the stream with waters of green, 
As if the bright fringe of herbs on its brink 
Had given their stain to the waves they drink ; 



2§ A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

And they, whose meadows it murmurs through, 
Have named the stream from its own fair hue. 

— Bryant. 

-Notice the feet in these lines ; they are purposely varied 
very much. Such poetry is called composite verse. 

A stanza is a combination of several lines of poetry. 

Rhyme is the agreement of sound at the end of the 
successive lines. 

Poetry, without rhyme, is blank verse. 

The long meter stanza consists of four lines of four 
iambic feet each. 

The common meter stanza consists of four lines, of 
which the first and third contain four, and the second and 
fourth contain three iambic feet each. 

The short meter stanza consists of four lines, of which 
the third contains four, and the first, second and" fourth 
contain three iambic feet each. 

The hallelujah meter stanza consists of eight lines, of 
which the first four contain three, and the last four contain 
two iambic feet each. 

N. B. — The last four lines are frequently printed as two. 

The Spenserian stanza consists of nine lines, of which 
the ninth contains six, and the first eight contain five 
iambic feet each ; and in which the first and third, the 
second, fourth, fifth and seventh, and the sixth, eight and 
ninth rhyme together. 

Composite verse is poetry in which various meters are 
freely combined. 



A SENTENCE AVITH QUESTION. 

Willows whiten, aspens quiver, 
Little breezes dusk and shiver 
Thro 5 the w r ave that runs forever 
By the island in the river 
Flowing down to Camelot. 

How many syllables in the first line ? Name the accented sylla- 
bles in ithe first line. Pronounce the feet in the first line. How 
many feet in the line ? What is the kind of foot ? What is the line 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. ^9 

Willows whiten, aspens quiver, 
Little breezes dusk and shiver 
Thro' the wave that runs forever 
By the island in the river 
Flowing down to Camelot. 

called, because of the kind of foot ? What is the line called, because 
of the number of feet ? Scan the other lines. What is the kind of 
foot in them ? What is the number of feet in them ? In which line 
does the last foot lack a syllable ? 

How many assertions in this sentence ? Read the assertions 
separately? What are the icillotcs said to do? The aspens? The 
breezes ? What whiten ? What quiver ? What dusk and shiver ? 
AVhere dusk and shiver? What wave? What runs? Buns how 
long- ? Runs where ? What island ? 

Why do little, thro\ by,floiDing begin with capital letters ? What 
two reasons for beginning* willows with a capital letter ? 

Willows = willow+s. Aspens = aspen+s. Breezes = breeze+s. 
What is the use of the s in these Avorcls ? Whiten=white+eii ; 
meaning of white ? of whiten ? of en ? What is dropped in whiten ? 
What rule of spelling is applicable to ichiten? 

What runs ? How many run ? What letter in runs shows how 
many run ? Forever=foY-\-exev ; what kind of a word ? Flowing^ 
flow+ing ; meaning offloio ? of floioing ? of ing? 

Name the vowels in these lines, the subvocals, the aspirates. 
Analyze the words of the sentence. 



ELISHA AND JOASH. 

SECOND KINGS XIII., 14 to 19. 

(1) Now Elisha was fallen sick, of his sickness whereof 
he died. (2) And Joash, the king of Israel, came down 
nnto him, and w T ept over his face, and said : O my father, 
my father ! the chariot of Israel and the horsemen thereof. 

1. Who was sick ? Of what sickness ? Whose sickness ? Who 
died! i^a^n=fall+en. His=he-\-s. Sickness~=sick-±-iiess. Wliere- 
q/==where+of, and means of which. Express the meaning of this 
sentence in your own words ; in one sentence, in two sentences. 

2. Who came down ? To whom did he come down ? Over whose 
face ? Who said ? Said what ? Who my father ? The chariot of 
what ? Tlie horsemen of what ? 

iTmr/=kin--f-ing. IIim=he-\-m. Wept=\\eep-\-t. &wt?=say+d. 
r7i«r/<9£=char+iot. Horseme n=horse-{-meii. T7iereof=there-^-oi\ 
and means of that. Express the meaning of this sentence in your 
own words ; in one sentence, in two sentences, in three sentences. 



30 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

(3) And Elisha said unto him, Take bow and arrows. 
(4) And he took unto him bow and arrows. (5) And he 
said to the king of Israel, Put thine hand upon the bow. 
(6) And he put his hand upon it ; and Elisha put his 
hands upon the king's hands. (7) And he said Open the 
window Eastward. (8) And he opened it. (9) Then 
Elisha said, Shoot. (10) And he shot. (11) And he 
said, The arrow of the Lord's deliverance from Syria ; for 
thou shalt smite the Syrians in Aphek, till thou have 
consumed them. 

3. Arrow$=3LYrow+s. 

5. Thiiie=thou-{-en. Upon=up-}-on. 

6. JEfts==he+s. iTm^5=kin+ing+'s. Hands=hand-\-s. 

7. J£astward=east+TV3Lrd. 
K Opened=or>en-{-ed. 

11. Z0r<fs=Lord+'s. Deliverance=de-]-\iveY-\-a > uce. /S%a&=shall-ft. 
/S#nVms=Syria+an+s. Con8umech=con-\-sum-\-ed. 27^m=the+m. 
Express the meaning of each sentence in your own words. 

(12) And he said, Take the arrows. (13) And he 
took them. (14) And he said unto the king of Israel, 
Smite upon the ground. (15) And he smote thrice, and 
stayed. (16) And the man of God was wroth with him, 
and said, Thou shouldst have smitten five or six times ; 
then hadst thou smitten Syria till thou hadst consumed 
it ; whereas now thou shalt smite Syria but thrice. 

15. T%nce=three+ce. £fo#0fc=stay-fed. 

16. /S7ww&&£=shall+d4-st. Smitten=smite-{-en. Tm^s^time-f-es. 
iM$k=have+ed+st. Con8umed=con+sum-{-ed. W hereas=\vhere 
+as. Zfofc=be-f-ut 

Make a list of the primitive words found in this selection ; of the 
derivative words ; of the compound words. 

From what primitive is fallen derived ? His ? Died ? Came ? 
Him ? Took ? Smote ? Make a list of the primitives from which 
the derivatives of this lesson are formed. Which derivatives are 
formed by addition ? Which by internal change ? Which by 
internal change and addition ? 

Which of the sentences contain more than one assertion ? Which 
of the sentences express a command ? Write out this story in your 
own words. 



ELEMENTS OE THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. %\ 

SOLOMON'S REQUEST. 

FIRST KINGS, III., 5 to 10. 

(1) In Gibeon the Lord appeared to Solomon in a 
dream by night: and God said, Ask what I shall give 
thee. (2) And Solomon said, Thou hast showed unto thy 
servant David, my father, great mercy, according as he 
walked before thee in 'truth, and in righteousness, and in 
uprightness of heart with thee ; and thou hast kept for 
him this great kindness, that thou hast given him a son to 
sit on his throne, as it is this day. (3) And now, O Lord 
my God, thou hast made thy servant king instead of 
David, my father : and I am but a little child ; I know 
not how to go out or come in. 

1. Appear <?eZ=ap+pear+ed. Said=ssiy-\-d. 

2. iZ«sfc=have-j-st. Shoiced=show-{-ed. Servant=seYv- r -8Liit. Ac- 
cording = ac -f- cord-f-ing. Walked = walk + ed. Before = be+fore. 
Truth=triie-}-th. Bighteousness=Yight-}-ivis-{-ness. Uprightness=xir) 
+right+ness. JKTeptf=kep+t. Him=he-\-m. jKindness=km-\-d-{-ness. 
Gwen=gi\e-\-eii. His=he-{-s. 

3. 3faGte=make+de. iTm#=kin+ing. Instead==in- T -stesid. Bu(= 
be+nt. Little=l\t-{-\e. 

(4) And thy servant is in the midst of thy people which 
thou hast chosen, a great people, that cannot be numbered 
nor counted for multitude. (5) Give, therefore, thy serv- 
ant an understanding heart to judge thy people, that I 
may discern between good and b$d ; for who is able to 
judge this thy so great a people ? (6) And the speech 
pleased the Lord, that Solomon had asked this thing. 

4. Midst=mk\-{-iit. C/wsen=choose-{-en. Can)iot=csai-\-not. Num* 
fo>'£$=number+ed. JV<?r=n+or=not+or. Owftte#=count+ed. 
j\fuUitude==mult-±-\t\K\Q. 

5. Therefore=theTe-\-foYy and means for that. Understanding^ 
under-f-stand+ing. Jwtf#e==jii(r)+dg ; dg=dic. Discern=d'is-{-ceYn. 
Beticeen^be-Y-UYSLin. 

6. Pto£d=pleas+ed. I/atf=have+ed. ^4sM=ask+ed. Give 
the meaning of each primitive, root, prefix, snffix, in this selection. 



32 A DRILL AND PAUSING BOOK IN THE 



m A SENTENCE WITH QUESTIONS. 

There is a tide in the affairs of men, 

Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune ; 

Omitted, all the voyage of their life 
Is bound in shallows, and in miseries. 

Count the syllables in the first line. Pronounce the accented 
syllables in the line. What is the kind of foot in the line? What 
is the number of feet in the line ? What is the line called because 
of the kind of foot ? What is it called because of the number of 
feet ? Scan the second line. What is the number of syllables ? 
What the number of feet ? Is the last syllable accented? Scan 
the remaining lines. 

Read the first line, and give the meaning of it in your own words. 
Give in your own words the meaning of the second line. Give in 
your own words the meaning of the third and fourth lines. 

What is asserted in the first line ? What in the second ? What 
in the third and fourth ? What is spoken of in the first line ? What 
is said of it? What is in the affairs of men? Where is the tide? 
In what affairs ? In what ? Of what ? 

Which, means what ? What leads ? Leads in what direction ? 
Leads to what end ? What taken ? Taken when ? At what ? To 
what? 

What omitted ? Are any words to be supplied before omitted ? 
What is bound ? Where bound ? In what ? What voyage ? Of 
what? Iheir what? Their; whose? .Aft what? 

How many assertions in the sentence ? Write them out sepa- 
rately. 

What is the use of the last e in there, tide, fortune, life ? What 
two uses has the final e in wyage ? 

Make a list of the monosyllables in the sentence. Of the dis- 
syllables. Of the trisyllables. 

Meaning of the prefix *af of the root fair, of the suffix s, In 
affairs? Men; what is the singular? By what change is the 
plural formed? Meaning of en in taken? Meaning of take? 
Flood=fiov?-\-(\. Meaning of flow, of d ?. Leads ; meaning of s ? 
Fortune; meaning of unel f Of fort? Omitted— ob-{-mitt-\-ed. From 
omitted drop ed; is the word then remaining correctly spelled? 
Give the rule of spelling for omitted. Voyage; give the meaning of 
voy, of age. Their; of what use is r ? Is bound; of what voice ? 
Of what is this form composed ? What is is in is bound ? What is 
bound in is bound? From what is bound derived ? By what change ? 
Shallows; suffix? meaning ? Miseries=miser-{-y-{-es ; give the mean- 
ing of the parts. Give the rule of spelling for miseries. 

Make a list of the parts of speech found in this sentence. After 
the name of each part of speech write the words of the sentence 
belonging to it. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 33 

There is a tide in the affairs of men, 

Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune ; 

Omitted, all the voyage of their life 
Is bound in shallows, and in miseries. 



What is the use of there in the first line ? All the voyage; do the 
article and the adjective here stan i in the common order ? 

Transpose. Paraphrase ; making one sentence ; making two 
sentences. 

Analyze the sentence. Parse the words of the sentence. Apply 
the word analysis to the several words of the sentence. 



SELECTED SENTENCES. 

Everything is well. 

It is my duty, sir. 

The taper burnetii in your closet, sir. 

He is welcome hither. 

They are all welcome. 

You do not love me. 

I do not like your faults. 

Thou hast described a hot friend cooling. 

Did Cicero say anything I 
What means this shouting ? 
What is your name ? 
Where do you dwell \ 
Comes his army on ? 
What's the matter \ 
What do you mean ? 

Give him a statue with his ancestors. 
Come hither, fellow. 
Be patient till the last. 
Praise the Lord. 



34 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

Believe not so. 

Hear me with patience. 

Bring him with triumph home unto his house. 

What a fearful night is this ! 

Liberty ! Freedom ! Tyranny is dead ! 

How ill this taper burns ! 

Judge me, you gods ! 

Cassius, what night is this ! 

A wise son maketh a glad father ; but a foolish son is 
the heaviness of his mother. 

The rich man's wealth is his strong -city ; the destruc- 
tion of the poor is his poverty. 

Wisdom hath builded her house ; she hath hewn out 
her seven pillars ; she hath killed her beasts ; she hath 
mingled her wine ; she hath also furnished her table. 

Hast thou entered into the springs of the sea ? or hast 
thou walked in search of the depth ? 

But where shall wisdom be found ? and where is the 
place of understanding ? 

Doth not wisdom cry ? and understanding put forth 
her voice ? 

Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the fur- 
row ? or will he harrow the valleys after thee ? 

Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven ? canst thou 
set the dominion thereof in the earth ? 

Give the word, ho ! and stand. 

Look in the calendar and bring me word. 

Hear instruction, and be wise, and refuse it not. 

Hear, ye children, the instruction of a father, and 
attend to know understanding. 

O, ye simple, understand ; and ye fools, be ye of an 
understanding heart. 

Get wisdom, get understanding ; forget it not ; neither 
decline from the words of my mouth. 



ELEMENTS OE THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, 35 

Why now, blow, wind; swell, billow ; and swim, bark! 
O judgment, thou art fled to brutish beasts, and men 
have lost their reason ! 

O constancy, be strong upon my side ! 

Set a huge mountain 'tween my heart and tongue ! 

A man that flattereth his neighbor spreadeth a net for 

his feet. 
When Cresar lived he durst not thus have moved me. 



Here is a sick man that would speak with you. 
You shall confess that you are both deceived. 
Then must 1 think you would not have it so. 
As proper men as ever trod upon neat's leather have ^one 
upon my handiwork. 

What said he when he came unto himself ? 
What can be avoided, 
Whose end is purposed by the mighty gods ? 
And do you now strew flowers in his way, 
That comes in triumph over Pompey's blood ? 
Art thou some god, some angel, or some devil, 
That makest my blood cold, and my hair to stare ? 
Canst thou lift up thy voice to the clouds, that abund- 
ance of waters may cover thee ? 

Till I come, give attendance to reading, t) exhortation, 
to doctrine. 



Ever note, Lucilius, 
When love begins to sicken and decay, 
It useth an enforced ceremony. 
Before the eyes of both our armies here, 
Which should perceive nothing but love from us. 
Let us not wrangle. 
Decius, go tell them C^sar will not come. 



36 A BRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

Woe to the hand that shed this costly blood ! 
How many times shall Caesar bleed in sport, 
That now on Pompey's basis lies along, 
No worthier than the dust ! 

pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, 
That I am meek and gentle with these butchers ! 

Woe is me, that I sojourn in Mesheck, that I dwell in the 

tents of Kedar ! 
Mischief, thou art afoot, take what course thou wilt 1 

Tall me, good Brutus, can you see your face? 

You pulled me by the cloak, would you speak with me? 

They shouted thrice ; what was the last cry for % 

Thou hast some suit to Caesar, hast thou not? 

Go to the gate, somebody knocks. 

1 dare assure thee, that no enemy 
Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus : 

The gods defend him from so great a shame ! 
Have patience, gentle friends; I must not read it: 
It is not meet you know how Caesar loved you. 

'Tis good you know not that you are his heirs; 

For if you should, O, what would come of it ! 

This is a slight unmeritable man, 

Meet to be sent on errands ; is it fit, 

The three-fold world divided, he should stand 

One of the three to share it ? 

Keep thy heart with all diligence ; for out of it are the 

issues of life. 

Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath conten- 
tions? yho hath babbling? who hath wounds without 
cause ? who hath redness of eyes ? 

They that tarry long at the wine ; they that go to seek 
mixed wine* 

Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it 
giveth his color in the cup, when it moveth itself aright. 

At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like 
an adder* 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANG CAGE. 37 

The fiend is at mine elbow and tempts me, saving to 
me, "Gobbo, Launcelot Gobbo, good Gobbo," or "good 
Launcelot Gobbo, use your legs, take the start, and run 
away." My conscience says, " Nay, take heed, honest 
Launcelot ; take heed, honest Gobbo," or as aforesaid, 
" honest Launcelot Gobbo; do not run; scorn running 
with they heels."^ 

Antiquity/ thou wondrous charm, what art thou? that 

being nothing art everything ! When thou tvert, thou 
wert not antiquity — then thou wert nothing, but hadst a 
remoter antiquity ', as thou calledst it, to look back to with 
blind veneration ; thou thyself being to thyself fiat, 
jejune. 

Modern / What mystery lurks in this retroversion I 
or what half Januses are we, that cannot look forward 
with the same idolatry with which we forever revert ! The 
mighty future is as nothing, being everything ! the past 
is everything, being nothing ! 



38 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IX THE 



AN ADDRESS 

Delivered by Abraham Lincoln at the Conseoratiom 
of the Gettysburgh Cemetery, Nov. 19th, 1863. 

(1) Four score and seven years ago, our fathers 
brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived 
in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men 
are created equal. 

1. What is the principal declaration of this sentence? When 
did the main fact here mentioned occur ? Where did it occur ? 
What conceived in liberty? What dedicated to the proposition f What 
is the proposition t 

Our; whose? This; what? Our; the singular? This; the 
plural ? Meaning of score ? ^4^=agone==a+go-|-ne ; give the 
meaning of the parts. Brought; from what primitive, how 
changed? Forth=foY-\-t\i. Continent=o,on-\-tin.-\-Q,\\t. JVafc0ft=nat 
-{-ion. Conceived=con-\-ceiv-j-ed. Z$6r^==liber+ty. Dedicated=de 
-f-dicat+ed. Propo8ition=7pro-\-posit-\-ion. Give the meaning of 
the preceding words and of the parts. Analyze years, our, fathers, 
upon, created, equal. 

Make a list of the primitive words in the sentence. Make a list 
of the derivative words. Of the prefixes. Of the suffixes. Of such 
roots as are not English words. How many, and what compound 
words in the sentence ? 

Transpose. Paraphrase ; making one sentence ; making two sen- 
tences ; making three sentences. 

(2) Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing 
whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so 
dedicated, can long endure. (3) We are met on a great 
battle-field of that war. 

2. What is the principal assertion in this sentence? What ques- 
tion is found in it ? Is the question single or double ? Testing; 
what ? Who, testing ? We; who ? That nation; what nation ? So 
conceived; how ? So dedicated; how ? 

Engaged=en-\-gag-\-ed. Cm7==civ+tt. Endure^en+dure. 
Transpose. Paraphrase ; making one sentence ; making two 
sentences. 

3. Battle-field=bdLt+\e and fell-fed. That tear; what war? Are 
met; give an equivalent form. What is are in are met? What is 
met in are met f 

Transpose. Paraphrase. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 39 

(4) We have come to dedicate a portion of that lield 
as a iinal resting-place for those who here gave up their 
lives that that nation might live. (5) It is altogether 
litting and proper that we should do this. 

4. What is the leading assertion ? What other assertions ? Have 
come; for what purpose ? To dedicate; what ? For what use ? 
Gave up what ? For what purpose ? 

What is have in have come? What is come in have come? What is 
might in might live ? What is live in might live? That; the plural ? 
Tlwse; the singular? TJteir; the suffix? Might; the primitive? 
How formed ? 

Transpose. Paraphrase. 

5. It; what? Fitting; rule of spelling? What is should in should 
do? What is do in should do? Shoidd; the primitive? how 
formed ? 

Transpose. Paraphrase. 

(6) But ill a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we can- 
not consecrate, we cannot hallow, this ground. (7) The 
brave men, living and dead who struggled here, have 
consecrated it far above our power to add or detract. 

(8) The world will little note, nor long remember, what 
we say here ; but it can never forget what they did here. 

(9) It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to 
the unfinished work which they who fought here have 
thus far so nobly advanced. 

6. Read separately the assertions of this sentence. But=be+ut. 
CWs^rafc^con-j-secrat. Hallow=h.9il-{-o\v. 

Transpose. Paraphrase. 

7. Read separately the assertions of this sentence. Living; rule 
of spelling? Dead; primitive? Struggled=stYug-{-\e-{-ed. Above 
=a+be+ufan. Add=ad-{-d. I>etract=(\e-{-tra,ct. 

Transpose. Paraphrase. 

8. Read separately the assertions in this sentence. Remember 
=re-|-member. Never=n-{- ever. Forget=for-^-get ; use of for in 
this word ? 

Transpose. Paraphrase. 

9. Read separately the assertions of this sentence. It; what? 
Rather; degree? the primitive? Unfinished— un+iin+ish-l-ed. 
iV^y==no+ble+ly. Admnced=fih+a nte-j-ed. 

Transpose. Paraphrase. 

(10) It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the 
great task remaining before us ; that from these honored 
dead, we take increased devotion to that cause for which 



4(J A DRILL AND PAUSING BOOK IN THE 

they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here 
highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain ; 
that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of 
freedom; and that government of the people, by the 
people, and for the people shall not perish from the 
earth. 

10. Bead separately the assertions of this sentence. It; what ? 
These; what ? That cause; what cause ? Eemainmg=He-\-msim 
+ing. Before=he-\-fore. l7icreased=m-\-cveiis-\-ed. Devotion*=de 
-f-vot+ion. Measure=>mea,s-{-uYe. Besolve^re-j-solv. Birth=besiv 
-|-th. Freedom*=f ree-\-dom. Govemment=gOY en\-\-ment. Perish 
«=nper+i+ish. i£ar£A=ear+th. 

Transpose. Paraphrase. 

Make a list of the simple, primitive words found in this address. 
Make a list of the compound words found in the address, separat- 
ing each into its component parts. Make a list of all the deriva- 
tive words found in the address whose roots are not by themselves. 
English words. Make a list of all the prefixes found in the ad- 
dress. Of all the suffixes. Give the meaning of the roots, of the 
prefixes, of the suffixes. 



SPRINGS, RIVERS AND THE SEA. 

In this selection and the next two, the figures annexed to words 
refer to articles in the Boots of English Words. 

(1) Part of the water that falls down from the clouds, 
runs away upon the surface 143 of the earth 15 into chan- 
nels, 43 which convey 533 it to the sea ; and part of it is im- 
bibed 34 in the spongy shell of the earth, from whence 
sinking lower by degrees, 195 it falls down into subter- 
ranean 484 channels, and so under ground passes into the 
sea ; or else, meeting with beds of rock or clay, it is 
hindered from sinking lower, and so breaks out in springs, 
which are most commonly 303 in the sides, or at the bottom 
of hilly ground. 

(2) Springs make little rivulets ; 405 those united 506 make 
brooks; and those coming together make rivers, which 
empty themselves into the sea. 

(3) The sea is a great collection 241 of waters in the deep 
valleys of the earth. (4) If the earth were all plain, and 



ELEMENTS OF THE EXGLISH LslAGUAUE. 4} 

had not those deep hollows, the earth would be all 
covered with water; because the water, being lighter than 
the earth, would be above the earth, as the air is above 
the water. 

(5) The most remarkable 271 thing in the sea is that 
motion 302 of the water called tides. (6) It is a rising and 
falling of the water of the sea. 

(7) The cause of this is the attraction 496 of the moon, 
whereby the part of the water in the great ocean, which 
is nearest the moon, being most strongly attracted, is 
raised higher than the rest; 450 and the part opposite 373 to 
it on the contrary side, being least attracted, is also higher 
than the rest. (8) And these tw r o opposite rises of the 
surface of the water in the great ocean, following the 
motion of the moon from east to west, and striking against 
the large coasts 87 of the continents 479 that lie in its way ; 
from thence rebounds back again, and so makes floods 
and ebbs in narrow seas, and rivers remote 302 from the 
great ocean. (9) Herein we also see the reason 399 of the 
times of the tides, and why they so constantly 450 follow 
the course of the moon. 



THE BOBOLINK. 

(1) The bobolink was due i(H5 in this latitude on Tues- 
day, the 11th. (2) He did not make his appearance 337 
until Sunday, — tipsy with his rollicking music, 305 that 
made one think the air was a vast bird-cage. (3) Wednes- 
day's weather must have been the cause of his delay. 237 
(4) He had an eye out to what w T as coming, and refused 
to come himself. (5) As his wife is a notoriously 313 
dilatory 237 body on her journey, 110 it was no great " put- 
out" to him, for he could have a few days longer to per- 
fect 143 his killing little suit of motley. (6) He might 
have thought the season gone by, had he landed in the 
meadow r s on Wednesday, and gone off to other latitudes. 



42 ^ DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

(7) But on Sunday he burst forth with the whole vol- 
ume 543 of his indescribable 419 song ; rattling, crazy, tink- 
ling, shivering, liquid melodies, 318 that on a sudden set the 
brain of the listener to spinning with a confusion 180 of 
delightful 245 sounds 440 and fresh-born sympathies. 345 

(8) The bobolink is here. (9) The air resounds 440 
with his resistless 450 song. (10) Men become 81 boys on 
hearing that riotous vocalism 541 from their little friend of 
other days. (11) And the charmingly gay rascal him- 
self, seeing the tumult 501 of emotion 302 he has excited, 68 
chatters his musical 305 recitative 68 with a new glee, and 
breaks away with a fillip of melody 318 ending with " Good- 
b y_I' m off." 



ROBERT OF LINCOLN. 

Merrily 281 swinging on brier and weed, 

Near to the nest of his little dame, 117 
Over the mountain- 296 side or mead, 
Robert of Lincoln is telling his name : 
Bob-o'-link, bob-o'link, 
Spink, spank, spink ; 
Snug and safe is that nest of ours, 
Hid among the summer flowers. 

Chee, chee, chee. 

Robert of Lincoln is gayly drest, 

Wearing a bright black wedding-coat ; 
White are his shoulders and white his crest, 
Hear him call in his merry 281 note: 313 
Bob-o'-link, bob-o'-link, 
Spink, spank, spink; 
Look, what a nice new coat is mine, 
Sure there was never a bird so fine. 

Chee, chee, chee. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 43 

Robert of Lincoln's Quaker wife, 

Pretty and quiet, 382 with plain brown wings, 
Passing at home a patient 343 life, 

Broods in the grass while her husband sings : 
Bob-o'-link, bob-o'-link, 
Spink, spank, spink; 
Brood, kind creature; 91 you need not fear 
Thieves and robbers while I am here. 

Chee, chee, chee. 

Modest 293 and shy as a nun is she ; 

One weak chirp is her only note. 
Braggart and prince of braggarts is he, 
Pouring boasts from his little throat ; 
Bob-o'-link, bob-o'-link, 
Spink, spank, spink; 
Never w T as I afraid of man ; 
Catch me, cow r ardly knaves, if you can ! 
Chee, chee, chee. 

Six white eggs on a bed of hay, 

Flecked with purple, a pretty sight ! 
There as the mother sits all day, 

Robert is singing with all his might : 
Bob-o'-link, bob-o'-link, 
Spink, spank, spink; 
Nice good wife, that never goes out, 
Keeping house while I frolic about. 

Chee, chee, chee. 

Soon as the little ones chip the shell, 

Six wide mouths are open for food ; 
Robert of Lincoln bestirs him well, 
Gathering seeds for the hungry brood. 
Bob-o'-link, bob-o'-link, 
Spink, spank, spink ; 
This new life is likely to be 
Hard for a gay young fellow like me. 

Chee, chee, chee. 



44 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

Robert of Lincoln at length- 56 is made 

Sober with work, and silent 431 with care ; 
Off is his holiday garment laid, 
Half forgotten that merry air : 
Bob-o'-link, bob-o'-link, 
Spink, spank, spink ; 
Nobody knows but my mate and I 
Where our nest and our nestlings lie. 

Chee, chee, chee. 

Summer wanes ; the children are grown ; 

Fun and frolic no more he knows ; 
Robert of Lincoln's a humdrum crone ; 
Off he flies, and w r e sing as he goes : 
Bob-o'-link, bob-o'-link, 
Spink, spank, spink ; 
When you can pipe that merry old strain, 
Robert of Lincoln come back again. 

Chee, chee, chee. 



RIVERS. 

(1) All rivers, small or large, agree in one character ; 
they like to lean a little on one side ; they cannot bear to 
have their channels deepest in the middle, but will always, 
if they can, have one bank to sun themselves upon, and 
another to get cool under ; one shingly shore to play over, 
where they may be shallow, and foolish, and childlike ; 
and another steep shore, under which they can pause and 
purify themselves, and get their strength of waves fully 
together for due occasions. (2) Rivers in this way are 
just like w r ise men, who keep one side of their life for 
play, and another for work ; and can be brilliant, and 
chattering, and transparent when they are at ease, and 
yet take deep counsel on the other side when they set 
themselves to the main purpose. (3) And rivers are ju§t 
in this divided, also, like wicked and good men ; the 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 45 

good rivers have serviceable deep places all along their 
banks that ships can sail in, but the wicked rivers go 
seoopingly, irregularly, under their banks until they get 
foil of strangling eddies, which no boat can row over 
without being twisted against the rocks, and pools like 
wells which no one can get out of but the water-kelpie 
that lives at the bottom ; but, wicked or good, the rivers 
all agree in having two sides. 



A FABLE— Judges ix. : 8-15. 

(1) The trees went forth on a time to anoint a king 
over them ; and they said unto the olive tree, Reign thou 
over us. (2) But the olive tree said unto them, Should 
I leave my fatness, wherewith by me they honor God and 
man, and go to be promoted over the trees ? (3) And 
the trees said to the fig tree, Come thou, and reign over 
us. (4) But the fig tree said unto them, Should I for- 
sake my sweetness, and my good fruit, and go to be pro- 
moted over the trees ? (5) Then said the trees unto the 
vine, Come thou, and reign over us. (6) And the vine 
said unto them, Should I leave my wine, which cheereth 
God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees \ 
(7) Then said all the trees unto the bramble, Come thou, 
and reign over us. (8) And the bramble said unto the 
trees, If in truth ye anoint me king over you, then come 
and put your trust in my shadow ; and if not, let fire 
come out of the bramble, and devour the cedars of 
Lebanon. 



THE SOURCES OF THE NILE. 

(1) It would at first sight appear that the discovery of 
the lake sources of the Nile had completely solved the 
mystery of ages, and that the fertility of Egypt depended 
upon the rainfall of the equator, concentrated in the lakes 



4.6 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

Victoria and Albert; but the exploration of the Nile 
tributaries of Abyssinia divides the Nile system into two 
proportions, and unravels the entire mystery of the river, 
by assigning to each its due share in ministering to the 
prosperity of Egypt. 

(2) The lake-sources of Central Africa support the life 
of Egypt, by supplying a stream, throughout all seasons, 
that has sufficient volume to support the exhaustion of 
evaporation and absorption ; but this stream, if unaided, 
could never overflow its banks, and Egypt, thus deprived 
of the annual inundation, would simply exist, and cultiva- 
tion w^ould be confined to the close vicinity of the river. 

(3) The inundation, which by its annual deposit of mud 
has actually created the Delta of Lower Egypt, upon the 
overflow of which the fertility of Egypt depends, has an 
origin entirely separate from the lake-sources of Central 
Africa, and the supply of water is derived exclusively from 
Abyssinia. 

(4) The two grand affluents of Abyssinia are the Blue 
Nile, and the Atbara, which join the main stream respec- 
tively in N. lat. 15° 30 ' and 17° 37 '. (5) These rivers, 
although streams of extreme grandeur during the period 
of the Abyssinian rains — from the middle of June until 
September — are reduced during the dry months to utter 
insignificance; the Blue Nile becoming so shallow as to 
be unnavigable, and the Atbara perfectly dry. (6) At 
that time, the water supply of Abyssinia having ceased, 
Egypt depends solely upon the equatorial lakes, and the 
affluents of the White Nile, until the rainy season shall 
have again flooded the two great Abyssinian arteries. 
(7) That flood occurs suddenly about the 20th of June, 
and the grand rush of water, pouring down the Blue Nile 
and the Atbara into the parent channel, inundates Lower 
Egypt, and is the cause of its extreme fertility. 

(8) Not only is the inundation the effect of the Abys- 
sinian rains, but the deposit of mud that has formed the 
Delta, and which is annually precipitated by the rising 
waters, is also due to the Abyssinian streams, more es- 
pecially to the river Atbara, which, known as the Bahrel 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 47 

Aswat (Black River), carries a larger proportion of soil 
than any other tributary of the Nile ; therefore, to the 
Atbara, above all other rivers, must the wealth and fertil- 
ity of Egypt be attributed. (9) It may thus be stated : 
The equatorial lakes feed Egypt, but the Abyssinian 
rivers cause the inundation. 



USE PLAIN LANGUAGE. 

(1) What do you say ? (2) What? (3) I really do 
not understand you. (4) Be so good as to explain your- 
self again. (5) Upon my word, I do not ! (6) O ! now 
I know: you mean to tell me it is a cold day. (7) Why 
did you not say at once, " It is cold to-day? " (8) If you 
wish to inform me it rains or snows, pray say, " It rains," 
" It snows ; " or, if you think I look well, and you choose to 
compliment me, say, "I think you look well." (9) "But," 
you answer, " that is so common and so plain, and what 
everybody can say." (10) Well, and what if everybody 
can \ (11) Is it so great a misfortune to be understood 
when one speaks, and to speak like the rest of the world ? 

(12) I will tell you what, my friend — you do not sus- 
pect it, and I shall astonish you — but you, and those like 
you, want common sense ! (13) Nay, this is not all ; it 
is not only in the direction of your wants that you are in 
fault, but in your superfluities ; you have too much con- 
ceit ; you possess an opinion that you have more sense 
than others. (14) That is the source of all your pomp- 
ous nothings, your cloudy sentences, and your big words 
without meaning. (15) Before you accost a person, or 
enter a room, let me pull you by the sleeve and whisper 
in your ear, " Do not try to show off your sense : have 
none at all ; that is your cue. (16) Use plain language, 
if you can ; just such as you find others use, who, in your 
idea, have no understanding ; and then, perhaps, you will 
2;et credit for having some." 



48 -4 DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 



THE WINTER PALACE OF ICE. 

Down swept the chill wind from the mountain peak, 
From the snow five thousand summers old; 
On open wold and hill top bleak 
It had gathered all the cold, 

And whirled it like sleet on the wanderer's cheek ; 
It carried a shiver everywhere 
. From the unleafed boughs and pastures bare ; 
The little brook heard it, and built a roof, 
'Neath which he could house him, winter-proof; 

(2) All night by the white stars' frosty gleams 

He groined his arches and matched his beams ; 
Slender and clear were his crystal spars 
As the lashes of light that trim the stars ; 
He sculptured every summer delight 
In his halls and chambers out of sight ; 
Sometimes his tinkling waters slipped 
Down through a frost -leaved forest-crypt, 
Long, sparkling aisles of steel-stemmed trees 
Bending to counterfeit a breeze ; 

(3) Sometimes the roof no fretwork knew 
But silvery mosses that downward grew ; 
Sometimes it was carved in sharp relief 
With quaint arabesques of ice-fern leaf ; 
Sometimes it was simply smooth and*clear, 

For the gladness of heaven to shine through, and 

here 
He had caught the nodding bulrush-tops 
And hung them thickly with diamond drops, 
That crystalled the beams of moon and sun, 
And made a star of every one ; 

(4) No mortal builder's most rare device 
Could match this winter-palace of ice ; 



MLM\f£NTX OtfTHM ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 49 

? Twas as if every image that mirrored lay 
In his depths serene through the summer day, 
Each fleeting shadow of earth and sky, 
Lest the happy model should be lost, 
Had been mimicked in fairy masonry 
By the elfin builders of the frost. 



A NOBLE REVENGE. 

(1) Here is Dr. Percival's story, which (again I warn 
you) will collapse into nothing at all, unless you yourself 
are able to dilate it by expansive sympathy with its senti- 
ments. 

(2) A young officer (in what army, no matter,) had so 
far forgotten himself in a moment of irritation, as to strike 
a private soldier, full of personal dignity (as sometimes 
happens in all ranks), and distinguished for his courage. 
(3) The inexorable laws of military discipline forbade to 
the injured soldier any practical redress— he could look 
for no retaliation by acts. (4) Words only were at his 
command ; and, in a tumult of indignation, as he turned 
away, the soldier said to his officer that he would " make 
him repent it." (5) This wearing the shape of a menace, 
naturally rekindled the officer's anger, and intercepted 
any disposition which might be rising within him towards 
a sentiment of remorse, and thus the irritation between 
the two young men grew hotter than before. (6) Some 
weeks after this, a partial action took place with the enemy. 
(7) Suppose yourself a spectator, looking down into a 
valley occupied by the two armies. (8) They are facing 
each other, you see, in martial array. (9) But it is no 
more than a skirmish that is going on ; in the course of 
which, however, an occasion suddenly arises for a desper- 
ate service. (10) A redoubt, which has fallen into the 
enemy's hands, must be recaptured at any price, and under 
circumstances of all but hopeless difficulty. (11) A 
strong party has volunteered for the service; there 

4 



50 * V RILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

is a cry for somebody to head them : you see a 
soldier step out from the ranks to assume the dangerous 
leadership ; the party moves rapidly forward ; in a few 
minutes it is swallowed up from your eyes in clouds of 
smoke ; for one half hour, from behind these clouds, you 
receive hieroglyphic reports of bloody strife — fierce re- 
paating signals, flashes from the guns, rolling musketry, 
and exulting hurrahs advancing or receding, slackening 
or redoubling. (12) At length all is over; the redoubt 
has been recovered ; that which was lost is found again ; 
the jewel which had been made captive is ransomed with 
blood. (13) Crimsoned with glorious gore, the wreck of 
the conquering party is relieved, and at liberty to return. 
(14) From the river you see it ascending. (15) The 
plume-crested officer in command rushes forward, with his 
left hand raising his hat in homage to the blackened frag- 
ments of what once was a flag, whilst, with his right hand, 
he seizes that of the leader, though no more than a private 
from the ranks. .(16) That perplexes you not ; mystery 
you see none in that I (17) For distinctions of order 
perish, ranks are confounded, " high and low " are words 
without a meaning, and to wreck goes every notion or 
feeling that divides the noble from the noble, or the brave 
from the brave. (18) But wherefore is it that now, 
when suddenly they wheel into mutual recognition, sud- 
denly they pause % (19) This soldier, this officer — who 
are they ? (20) O reader ! Once before they had stood 
face to face — the soldier it is that was struck ; the officer it 
is that struck him. (21) Once again they are meeting; 
and the gaze of armies is upon them. (22) If for a mo- 
ment a doubt divides them, in a moment the doubt has 
perished. (23) One glance exchanged between them 
publishes the forgiveness that is sealed forever. (24) As 
one who recovers a brother whom he has accounted dead, 
the officer sprang forward, threw his arms around the neck 
of the soldier, and kissed him, as if he were some martyr 
glorified by that shadow of death from which he was 
returning ; whilst, on his part, the soldier, stepping back, 
and carrying his open hand through the beautiful motions 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 51 

of the military salute to a superior, makes this immortal 
answer — that answer which shut up forever the memory 
of the indignity offered to him, even whilst for the last 
time alluding to it : " Sir," he said, " I told you before 
that I would make you repent it" 



THE VISION OF MIRZA. 

The cloud, which, intercepting the clear light, 
Hangs o'er the eyes, and blunts thy mortal sight, 
I will remove. 

When I was at Grand Cairo, I picked up several oriental manu- 
scripts, which I have still by me. Among- others, I met with one 
entitled: "The Visions of Mirza," which I have read over with 
great pleasure. I intend to give it to the public when I have no 
other entertainment for them; and shall begin with the first vision, 
which I have translated word for word, as follows : 

(1) On the fifth day of the moon, which, according to 
the customs of my forefathers, I always keep holy, after 
having washed myself, and offered up my morning devo- 
tions, I ascended the high hills of Bagdat, in order to 
pass the rest of the day in meditation and prayer. (2) 
As I was here airing myself on the tops of the mountains, 
I fell into a profound contemplation on the vanity of hu- 
man life ; and, passing from one thought to another, 
" Surely," said I, " man is but a shaddow, and life a 
dream." 

(3) While I was thus musing, I cast my eyes toward 
the summit of a rock that was not far from me, where I 
discovered one in thS habit of a shepherd, with a musical 
instrument in his hand. (4) As I looki d upon him, lie 
applied it to his lips, and began to play upon it. (5) 
The sound of it w T as exceeding sweet, and wrought into a 
variety of tunes that were inexpressibly melodious, and 
altogether different from anything I had ever heard. (6) 
They put me in mind of those heavenly airs that are 
played to the departed souls of good men upon their first 



52 A tmiLt A&t) PAnsiNG nooK m the 

arrival in Paradise, to wear out the impression of the last 
agonies, and quality them for the pleasures of that happy 
place. 

(7) My heart melted away in secret rapture. (8) I 
had been often told that the rock before me was the haunt 
of a Genius, and that several had been entertained with 
music, who had passed by it, but never heard that the 
musician had before made himself visible. (9)When he 
had raised my thoughts, by those transporting airs which 
he played, to taste the pleasure of his conversation, as I 
looked upon him, like one astonished, he beckoned to me, 
and by the waving of his hand, directed me to approach 
the place where he sat. 

(10) I drew near w T ith that reverence which is due to a 
superior nature ; and, as my heart was entirely subdued 
by the captivating strains I had heard, I fell down at his 
feet and wept. (11) The Genius smiled upon me with a 
look of compassion and affability that familiarized him to 
my imagination, and at once dispelled all the fears and 
apprehensions with which I approached him, (2) He 
lifted me from the ground, and, taking me by the hand, 
" Mirza," said he, " I have heard thee in thy soliloquies ; 
follow me." 

(13) He then lead me to the highest pinnacle of the 
rock, and, placing me on the top of it, " Cast thy eyes 
eastward," said he, " and tell me what thou seest." (14) 
" 1 see," said I, " a huge valley, and a prodigious tide of 
water rolling through it." (15) " The valley that thou 
seest," said he, " is the valley of misery, and the tide of 
water that thou seest is part of the great tide of eternity." 
(16) " What is the reason," said I,* "that the tide I see 
rises out of a thick mist at one end, and again loses itself 
in a thick mist at the other ? " 

(17) What thou seest," said he, " is that portion of 
eternity which is called time, measured out by the sun, 
and reaching from the beginning of the world to its con- 
summation. (18) Examine now," said lie, " this sea, that 
is thus bounded with darkness at both ends, and tell me 
what thou diseoverest in it." (19) " I *ee a bridge," said 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



53 



I, "standing in the midst of the tide." (20) "The bridge 
thou seest," said he, " is human life : consider it atten- 
tively." (21) Upon a more leisurely survey of it, I 
found that it consisted of three-score and ten entire arches, 
with several broken arches, which, added to those that 
were entire, made up the number about a hundred. 

(22) As I w r as counting the arches, the Genius told me 
that this bridge consisted at first of a thousand arches, 
but that a great flood swept away the rest, and left the 
bridge in the ruinous condition I now beheld it. (23) 
"But tell me farther," said he, "what thou discoverest on 
it." (24) " I see multitudes of people passing over it," 
said I, " and a black cloud hanging on each end of it." 

(25) As I looked more attentively, I saw several of the 
passengers dropping through the bridge into the great tide 
that flowed underneath it ; and, upon farther examination, 
perceived there were innumerable trap-doors that lay con- 
cealed in the bridge, which the passengers no sooner trod 
upon than they fell through them into the tide, and im- 
mediately disappeared. (26) These hidden pitfalls were 
set very thick at the entrance of the bridge, so that throngs 
of people no sooner broke through the cloud than many 
of them fell into them. (27) They grew thinner toward 
the middle, but multiplied and lay closer together toward 
the end of the arches that were entire. 

(28) There were, indeed, some persons, but their num 
ber was very small, that continued a kind of hobbling 
march on the broken arches, but fell through, one after 
another, being quite tired and spent with so long a walk. 
(29) I passed some time in the contemplation of this 
wonderful structure, and the great variety of objects 
which it presented. 

(30) My heart was filled with deep melancholy to see 
several dropping, unexpectedly, in the midst of mirth and 
jollity, and catching by everything that stood by them to 
save themselves. (31) Some were looking up toward the 
heavens in a thoughtful posture, and, in the midst of a 
speculation, stumbled and fell out of sight. (32) Multi- 
tudes were very busy in the pursuit of bubbles that 



54: A BRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

glittered in their eyes and danced before them ; but often 
when they thought themselves within the reach of them, 
their footing failed, and down they sunk. 

(34) In this confusion of objects, I observed some with 
cimeters in their hands, and others with lancets, who ran 
to and fro upon the bridge, thrusting several persons on 
trap-doors which did not seem to lie in their w r ay, and 
which they might have escaped had they not been thus 
forced upon them. 

(35) The Genius, seeing me indulge myself in this 
melancholy prospect, told me I had dwelt long enough 
upon it. (36) " Take thine eyes off the bridge," said he,, 
" and tell me if thou yet seest anything thou dost not com- 
prehend." (37) Upon looking up, " What mean," said 
I, " those great flights of birds that are perpetually hover- 
ing about the bridge, and settling upon it from time to 
time ? (38) I see vultures, harpies, ravens, cormorants, 
and, among many other feathered creatures, several little 
winged boys, that perch, in great numbers upon the mid- 
die arches." 

(39) " These," said the Genius, " are envy, avarice, 
superstition, despair, love, with the like cares and passions 
that infest human life." (40) I here fetched a deep 
sigh. (41) "Alas ! " said I, " man was made in vain ! 
how is he given away to misery and mortality ! tortured 
in life, and swallowed up in death ! " (42) The Genius, 
being moved with compassion toward me, bid me quit so 
uncomfortable a prospect. (43) "Look no more," said 
he, " on man in the first stage of his existence, in his 
setting out for eternity, but cast thine eye on that thick 
mist, into which the tide bears the several generations of 
mortals that fall into it." 

(44) I directed my sight as ordered, and, whether or 
no the good Genius strengthened it with any supernatural 
force, or dissipated part of the mist, that was before 
too thick for the eye to penetrate, I saw the valley 
opening at the farther end, and spreading forth into an 
immense ocean, that had a huge rock of adamant running 
through the midst of it, and dividing it into*tw r o equal 



ELEMENTS GF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 55 

parts. (45) The clouds, still rested on one half of it, 
insomuch that I could discover nothing in it; but the other 
appeared to me a vast ocean, planted with innumerable 
islands, that were covered with fruits and flowers and 
interwoven with a thousand little shining seas, that ran 
among them. 

(46) I could see persons dressed in glorious habits, with 
garlands upon their heads, passing among the trees, lying 
down by the sides of fountains, or resting on beds of 
flowers ; and could hear a confused harmony of singing 
birds, falling water, human voices, and musical instru- 
ments. (48) Gladness grew in me upon the discovery of 
so delightful a scene. (48) I wished for the wings of an 
eagle, that I might fly away to those happy seats ; but the 
Genius told me there was no passage to them except 
through the gates of death, that I saw opening every 
moment upon the bridge. 

(49) "The islands,'' said he, u that lie so fresh and 
green before thee, and with which the whole face of the 
ocean appears spotted, as far as thou canst see, are more 
in number than the sands on the sea-shore. 

(50) There are myriads of islands behind those which 
thou here discoverest, reaching farther than thine eye or 
even thine imagination can extend itself. (51) These are 
the mansions of good men after death, who, according to 
the degrees and kinds of virtue in which they excelled, 
are distributed among these several islands, which abound 
with pleasures of different kinds and degrees, suitable to 
the relishes and perfections of those who are settled in 
them. (52) Every island is a paradise accommodated to 
its respective inhabitants. 

(53) " Are not these, oh Mirza, habitations worth con- 
tending for? (54) Does life appear miserable, that gives 
thee opportunities of earning such a reward \ (55) Is 
death to be feared, that will convey thee to so happy an 
existence? (26) Think not man was made in vain, who 
has such an eternity reserved for him.*' (57) I gazed 
with inexpressible pleasure on those happy islands. (58) 
" At length," said I, " show me now, 1 beseech thee, the 



56 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

secrets that lie under those dark clouds that cover the 
ocean on the other side of the rock of adamant." 

(59) The Genius making me no answer, I turned about 
to address myself to him a second time, but I found that 
he had left me. (60) I then turned again to the vision 
which I had been so long contemplating ; but, instead of 
the rolling tide, the arched bridge, and the happy islands, 
I saw nothing but the long, hollow valley of Bagdat, with 
oxen, sheep, and camels grazing upon the sides of it. 



THE LADY OF SPIALOTT. 

PART I. 

On either side the river lie 
Long fields of barley and of rye, 
That clothe the wold and meet the sky ; 
And thro' the field the road runs by 

To many-towered Camelot ; 
And up and down the people go, 
Gazing where the lilies blow, 
'Round an island there below, 

The Island of Shalott. 

Willows whiten, aspens quiver, 
Little breezes dusk and shiver 
Thro 5 the wave that runs forever, 
By the island in the river, 

Flowing down to Camelot. 
Four gray walls and four gray towers, 
Overlook a space of flowers, 
And the silent isle embowers 

The lady of Shalott. 

By the margin, willow-veiPd, 
Siide the heavy barges, traiPd 
By slow horses ; and unhaiPd 
The shallop flitteth, silken-saiPd,, 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, gf 

Skimming down to Camelot ; 
But who hath seen her wave her hand t 
Or at the casement seen her stand ? 
Or is she knowTi in all the land, 

The lady of Shalott ? 

Only reapers, reaping early 
In among the bearded barley, 
Hear a song that echoes cheerly, 
From the river winding clearly, 

Dow r n to towered Camelot : 
And by the moon, the reaper weary, 
Piling sheaves in upland airy, 
Listening, whispers, " "lis the fairy 

Lady of Shalott." 



TO SENECA LAKE. 

LONG METER. 

(1) On thy fair bosom, silver lake, 

The wild swan spreads his snowy sail, 
And round his breast the ripples break, 
As down he bears before the gale. 

(2) On thy fair bosom, waveless stream, 

The dipping paddle echoes far, 
And flashes in the moonlight gleam, 
And bright reflects the polar star. 

(3) The waves along thy pebbly shore, 

As blows the north wind, heave their foam, 
And curl around the dashing oar, 
As late the boatman hies him home. 

(4) How sweet, at set of sun, to view* 

The golden mirror, spreading wide, 
And see the mist of mantling blue 

Float round the distant mountain's side ! 



58 



A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 



$5) At midnight hour, as shines the moon, 
A sheet of silver spreads below ; 
And swift she cuts, at highest noon. 

Light clouds, like wreaths of purest snow. 

(6) On thy fair bosom, silver lake, 

O ! I could ever sweep the oar, 

When early birds at morning wake ? 

And evening tells us toil is o'er. 



COMMON METER. 

(1) Ah ! Winter, calm thy cruel rage, 

Release the struggling year ; 
Thy power is past, decrepit sage, 
Arise and disappear. 

(2) The stars that graced thy splendid night, 

Are lost in warmer rays ; 
The sun, rejoicing in his might, 
Unrolls celestial days. 

(3) Then why, usurping winter, why 

Still flags thy frozen wing ? 
Fly, unrelenting tyrant, fly — 
And yield the year to Spring. 



SHORT METER. 

(1) Sow in the morn thy seed ; 

At eve hold not thy hand ; 
To doubt and fear give thou no heed. 
Broadcast it o'er the land. 

(2) Beside all waters sow, 

The highway furrows stock, 
Drop it w T here thorns and thistles grow. 
Scatter it on the rock, 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 

(3) The good, the fruitful ground, 

Expect not here nor there ; 
O'er hill and dale, by plots, 'tis found ; 
Go forth, then, everywhere. 

(4) And duly shall appear, 

In verdure, beauty, strength, 
The tender blade, the stalk, the ear, 
And the full corn at length. 

(5) Thou can'st not toil in vain ; 

Cold, heat and moist and dry, 
Shall foster and mature the grain 
For garners in the sky. 



59 



HALLELUJAH METER. 

To your Creator, God, 

Your great Preserver, raise, 

Ye creatures of his hand ! 
Your highest notes of praise : 

Let every voice proclaim His power. 

His name adore, and loud rejoice. 

Let every creature join 

To celebrate His name, 
And all their various powers 

Assist the exalted theme : 
Let nature raise, from every tongue 
A general song of grateful praise. 

But oh ! from human tongues 
Should nobler praises flow ; 

And every thankful heart 
With warm devotion glow ; 

Your voices raise above the rest ; 

Ye highly blest ! declare His praise. 



gO A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

THE SPENSERIAN STANZA. 

(1) And is there care in heaven ? (2) And is there love 
In heavenly spirits to these creatures bace, 
That may compassion of their evils move ? 

(3) There is : — else much more wretched were the cace 
Of men than beasts : but O ! th' exceeding grace 
Of highest God, that loves his creatures so, 

And all His works with mercy doth embrace, 

That blessed angels sends He to and fro, 

To serve to wicked man, to serve his wicked foe ! 

(4) How oft do they their silver bowers leave 
To come to succor us that succor want ! 
How oft do they with golden pinions cleave 
The flitting skies, like flying pursuivant, 
Against fowle fiends, to ayd us militant ! 

(5) They for us fight, they watch and dewly ward. 
And their bright squadrons round about us plant; 
And all for love, and nothing for reward : 

O, Why should Heavenly God to men have such 
regard ! 



COMPOSITE VERSE. 

Break, break, break, 

On thy cold, gray stones, O Sea ! 
And I would that my tongue could utter 

The thoughts that arise in me. 

O, well for the fisherman's boy, 

That he shouts with his sister at play ! 

O, well for the sailor lad, 

That he sings in his boat on the bay ! 

And the stately ships go on 
To their haven under the hill ; 

But O for the touch of a vanished hand, 
And the sound of a voice that is still .! 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 61 

Break, break, break, 

At the foot of thy crags, Sea ! 
But the tender grace of a day that is dead 

Will never come back to me. 



THE JOURNEY OF A DAY. 

(1) The cheerful sage, when solemn dictates fail, 
Conceals the moral counsel in a tale. 

(2) Obidah, the son of Abensina, left the caravansera 
early in the morning, and pursued his journey through 
the plains of Indostan. (3) He was fresh and vigorous 
with rest ; he was animated with hope ; he was incited 
by desire ; he walked swiftly forward over the valleys, 
and saw the hills gradually rising before him. (4) As he 
passed along, his ears were delighted with the morning 
song of the bird of paradise, he was fanned by the last 
flutters of the sinking breeze, and sprinkled with dew by 
groves of spices ; he sometimes contemplated the tower- 
ing height of the oak, monarch of the hills ; and some- 
times caught the gentle fragrance of the primrose, eldest 
daughter of the spring ; all his senses were gratified, and 
all care was banished from his heart. 

(5) Thus he went on till the sun approached his 
meridian, and the increasing heat preyed upon his 
strength ; he then looked round about him for some more 
commodious path. (6) He saw, on his right hand, a grove 
that seemed to wave its shades as a sign of invitation ; he 
entered it, and found the coolness and verdure irresistibly 
pleasant. (7) He did not, however, forget whither he 
was traveling, but found a narrow way bordered with 
flowers, which appeared to have the same direction with 
the main road, and was pleased that by this happy experi- 
ment, he had found means to unite pleasure with business, 
and to gain the rewards of diligence without suffering its 
fatigues. (8) He, therefore, still continued to walk for a 
time, without the least remission of his ardor, except that 



62 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

he was sometimes tempted to stop by the music of the 
birds, whom the heat had assembled in the shade ; and 
sometimes amused himself with plucking the flowers that 
covered the banks on either side, or the fruits that hung 
upon the branches. (9) At last the green path began to 
decline from its first tendency, and to wind among hills 
and thickets, cooled with fountains, and murmuring with 
waterfalls. (10) Here Obidah paused for a time, and 
began to consider whether it were longer safe to forsake 
the known and common track ; but remembering that the 
heat was now in its greatest violence, and that the plain 
was dusty and uneven, he resolved to pursue the new path, 
which he supposed only to make a few meanders, in com- 
pliance with the varieties of the ground, and to end at 
last in the common road. 

(11) Having thus calmed his solicitude, he renewed 
his pace, though he suspected that he was not gaining 
ground. (12) This uneasiness of his mind inclined him 
to lay hold on every new object, and give way to every 
sensation that might soothe or divert him. (13) He 
listened to every echo, he mounted every hill for a fresh 
prospect, he turned aside to every cascade, and pleased 
himself with tracing the course of a gentle river that 
rolled among the trees, and watered a large region with 
innumerable circumvolutions. (14) In these amusements 
the hours passed away uncounted; his deviations had 
perplexed his memory, he knew not towards what point to 
travel. (15) He stood pensive and confused, afraid to 
go forward lest he should go wrong, yet conscious that 
the time of loitering was now past. (16) While he was 
thus tortured with uncertainty, the sky was overspread 
with clouds, the day vanished from before him, and a sud- 
den tempest gathered round his head. (17) He was 
roused by his danger to a quick and painful remembrance 
of his folly : he now saw how happiness is lost when ease 
is consulted ; he lamented the unmanly impatience that 
prompted him to seek shelter in a grove, and despised the 
petty curiosity that led him on from trifle to trifle. (18) 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



63 



While he was thus reflecting, the air grew blacker, and a 
clap of thunder broke his meditation. 

(19) He now resolved to do what yet remained in his 
power, to tread back the ground which he had passed, 
and try to find some issue w T here the wood might open 
into the plain. (20) He prostrated himself on the 
ground, and commended his life to the Lord of nature. 
(21) He rose with confidence and tranquility, and pressed 
on with his saber in his hand, for the beasts of the desert 
were in motion, and on every hand were heard the 
mingled howls of rage and fear, and ravage and expira- 
tion ; all the horrors of darkness and solitude surrounded 
him : the w r inds roared in the woods, and the torrents 
tumbled from the hills, 

Worked into sudden rage by wintry showers, 
Down the steep hill the roaring torrent pours ; 
The mountain shepherd hears the distant noise. 

(22) Thus forlorn and distressed, he wandered through 
the wild, without knowing w r hither he was going, or 
whether he was every moment drawing nearer to safety 
or to destruction. (23) At length, not fear, but labor 
began to overcome him ; his breath grew short, and his 
knees trembled, and he was on the point of lying down 
in resignation to his fate, when he beheld through the 
brambles the glimmer of a taper. (24) He advanced to- 
wards the light, and finding that it proceeded from the 
cottage of a hermit, he called humbly at the door, and 
obtained admission. (25) The old man set before him 
such provisions as he had collected for himself, on which 
Obidah fed with eagerness and gratitude. 

(26) When the repast was over, " Tell me," said the 
hermit, " by what chance thou hast been brought hither ; 
I have been now twenty years an inhabitant of the wil- 
derness, in which I never saw a man before." (27) 
Obidah then related the occurrences of his journey with- 
out any concealment or palliation. 

(28) " Son," said the hermit, " let the errors and follies, 
the dangers and escape, of this day, sink deep into thy 



64 ^ DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

heart. (29) Remember, my son, that human life is the 
journey of a daj^. (30) We rise in the morning of youth, 
full of vigor and full of expectation ; we set forward with 
spirit and hope, with gayety and diligence, and travel on 
awhile in the straight road of piety, towards the mansions 
of rest. (31) In a short time we remit our fervor, and 
endeavor to find some mitigation of our duty, and some 
more easy means of obtaining the same end. (32) We 
then relax our vigor, and resolve no longer to be terrified 
with crimes at a distance, but rely upon our own constancy, 
and venture to approach what we resolve never to touch. 
(33) We thus enter the bowers of ease, and repose in the 
shades of security. (34) Here the heart softens, and vigi- 
lance subsides; we are then willing to inquire whether 
another advance cannot be made, and whether we may 
not, at least, turn our eyes upon the gardens of pleasure. 
(35) We approach them with scruple and hesitation ; we 
enter them, but enter timorous and trembling, and always 
hope to pass through them without losing the road of 
virtue, which we for a while keep in our sight, and to 
which we propose to return. (36) But temptation suc- 
ceeds temptation, and one compliance prepares us for 
another ; we in time lose the happiness of innocence, and 
solace our disquiet with sensual gratifications. (37) By 
degrees we let fall the remembrance of our original inten- 
tion, and quit the only adequate object of rational desire 1 
(38) We entangle ourselves in business, immerge our- 
selves in luxury, and rove through the labyrinths of incon- 
stancy, till old age begins to invade us, and disease and 
anxiety obstruct our way. (39) We then look back upon 
our lives with horror, with sorrow, with repentance ; and 
wish, but too often vainly wish, that we had not forsaken the 
ways of virtue. (40) Happy are they, my son, who shall 
learn from thy example not to despair, but shall remem- 
ber, that though the day is past, and their strength is 
wasted, there yet remains one effort to be made; that 
reformation is never hopeless, nor sincere endeavors ever 
unassisted ; that the wanderer may at length return after 
all his errors, and that he who implores strength and cour- 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. g5 

age from above, shall find danger and difficulty give way 
before him. (4:1) * Go now, my son, to thy repose, com- 
mit thyself to the care of Omnipotence, and when the 
morning calls again to toil, begin anew thy journey and 
thvlife." 



THE BELLS OF SHANDON. 

With deep affection 
And recollection 
I often think of 
Those Shandon bells, 
Whose sounds so wild would, 
In the days of childhood, 
Fling round my cradle 
Their magic spells. 

On this I ponder 
Where'er I wander, 
And thus grow fonder, 
Sweet Cork, of thee — 
With thy bells of Shandon, 
That sound so grand on 
The pleasant waters 
Of the river Lee. 

I've heard bells chiming 
Full many a clime in, 
Tolling sublime in 
Cathedral shrine, 
While at a glibe rate 
Brass tongues would vibrate ; 
But all their music 
Spoke naught like thine. 



QQ A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

For memory, dwelling 
On each proud swelling, 
Of thy belfry, knelling 
Its bold notes free, 
Made the bells of Shandon 
Sound far more grand on 
The pleasant waters 
Of the river Lee. 

I've heard bells tolling 
Old Adrian's Mole in. 
Their thunder Tolling 
From the Vatican — 
And cymbals glorious 
Swinging uproarious 
In the gorgeous turrets 
Of Notre Dame. 

But thy sounds were sweeter 
Than the dome of Peter 
Flings o'er the Tiber, 
Pealing solemnly. 
Oh ! the bells of Shandon 
Sound far more grand on 
The pleasant waters 
Of the river Lee. 

There's a bell in Moscow ; 
While on tower and kiosk oh 
In Saint Sophia, 
The Turkman gets 
And loud in air 
Calls men to prayer, 
From the tapering summit 
Of tall minarets. 

Such empty phantom 
I freely grant them ; 
But there's an anthem 









ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. Qf 

More dear to me — 
7 Tis the bells of Shandon, 
That sound so grand on 
The pleasant waters 
Of the river Lee. 



THE POSTMAN. 

(1) Hark ! 'tis the twanging horn o'er yonder bridge. 
That with its wearisom but needful length 
Bestrides the wintry flood, in which the moon 
Sees her nn wrinkled face reflected bright ; 

He comes, the herald of a noisy world, 

With spattered boots, strapped waist, and frozen locks ; 

News from all nations lumbering at his back. 

(2) True to his charge, the close-pack'd load behind, 
Yet, careless what he brings, his one concern 

Is to conduct it to the destined inn ; 

And, having dropped- the expected bag, pass on. 

(3) He whistles as he goes, light-hearted wretch, 
Cold and yet cheerful : messenger of grief 
Perhaps to thousands, and of joy to soma ; 
To him indifferent whether grief or joy. 



KNOWLEDGE AND WISDOM. 

(1) Knowledge and wisdom far from being one 

Have oft-times no connection. (2) Knowledge dwells 
In heads replete with thoughts of other men ; 
Wisdom, in minds attentive to their own. 

(3) Knowledge a rude unprofitable mass, 

The mere materials with which wisdom builds, 
Till smoothed, and squared, and fitted to its place, * 
Does but encumber whom it seems to enrich. 

(4) Knowledge is proud that he has learned so much : 
Wisdom is humble that he knows no more. 



§g A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IA T Tltti 



THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT. 

(1) It was six men of Indostan, 

To learning much inclined, 
Who went to see the Elephant, 

(Though all of them were blind,) 
That each, by observation, 

Might satisfy his mind. 

(2) The First approached the Elephant, 

And, happening to fall 
Against his broad and sturdy side, 
At once began to bawl : — 
" God bless me ! But the Elephant 
Is very like a w r all ! " 

(3) The Second, feeling of the tusk, 

Cried " Ho ! What have we here, 
So very round and smooth and sharp ? 

To me 'tis mighty clear 
This wonder of an Elephant 

Is very like a spear ! " 

(4) The Third approached the animal, 

And, happening to take 
The squirming trunk within his hands, 
Thus boldly up and spake : 
" I see," quoth he, " the Elephant 
Is very like a snake ! " 

(5) The Fourth reached out his eager hand, 

And felt about the knee, 
" What most this wonderoua beast is like 

Is mighty plain," quoth he ; 
" ? Tis clear enough the Elephant 

\§ very like a tree ! " 



ELEMENTS OF /THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. $9 

(6) The Fifth, who chanced to touch the car. 

Said : " E'en the blindest man 
Can tell what this resembles most. 

Deny the fact who can, 
This marvel of an Elephant 

Is very like a fan ! " 

(7) The Sixth no sooner had begun 

About the beast to grope, 
Than seizing on the swinging tail, 
That fell within his scope, 
" I see," quoth he, " the Elephant 
Is very like a rope ! " 

(8) And so these men of Indostan 

Disputed loud and long, 
Each in his own opinion 

Exceeding stiff* and strong, 
Though each was partly in the right 

And all were in the wrong- ! 



THE ARMY OF CHARLES V., BEFORE ALGIERS. 

(1) The voyage, from Majorca to the African coast, 
was not less tedious, or full of hazard, than that which he 
had just finished. (2) When he approached the land, the 
roll of the sea, and the vehemence of the winds, would 
not permit the troops to disembark. (3) But at last, the 
Emperor, seizing a favorable opportunity, landed them 
without opposition, not far from Algiers, and immediately 
advanced towards the town. (4) To oppose this mighty 
army, Hascen had only eight hundred Turks, and live 
thousand Moors, partly natives from Africa, and partly 
refugees from Granada. (5) He returned, however, a 
fierce and haughty answer, when summoned to surrender. 
(6) But with such a handful of soldiers, neither his des- 
perate courage, nor consummate skill in war, could have 
long resisted forces superior to those which had defeated 



70 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

Barbarossa at the head of sixty thousand raen, and which 
had reduced Tunis, in spite of all his endeavors to save it 
(7) But how fiir soever the Emperor might think him- 
self beyond the reach of any danger from the enemyj he 
was suddenly exposed to a more dreadful calamity, and 
one against which human prudence and human efforts 
availed nothing. (8) On the second day after his land- 
ing, and before he had time for anything but to disperse 
some light-armed Arabs who molested his troops on their 
march, the clouds began to gather, and the heavens to 
appear with a fierce and threatening aspect. (9) Towards 
evening, rain began to fall, accompanied with violent 
wdnd ; and the rage of the tempest increasing, during the 
night, the soldiers, who had brought nothing ashore but 
their arms, remained exposed to all its fury, without tents 
or shelter, or cover of any kind. (10) The ground w-as 
soon so wet that they could not lie down on it ; their 
camp, being in a low situation, was overflowed with water, 
and they sunk, at every step, to the ankles in mud ; while 
the wind blew with such impetuosity, that, to prevent 
their falling, they were obliged to thrust their spears into 
the ground, and to support themselves by taking hold of 
them. (11) Hascen was too vigilant an officer to allow 
an enemy in such distress to remain unmolested. (12) 
About the dawn of morning, he sallied out with soldiers, 
who having been screened from the storm under then- own 
roofs, were fresh and vigorous. (13) A body of Italians, 
w T ho were stationed nearest the city, dispirited and be- 
numbed with cold, fled at the approach of the Turks. 
(14) The troops at the post behind them discovered 
greater courage ; but, as the rain had extinguished their 
matches and w r etted then 1 powder, their muskets w T ere use- 
less ; and having scarcely strength to handle their other 
arms, they were soon thrown into confusion. (15) Al- 
most the whole army, with the Emperor himself in per- 
son, was obliged to advance, before the enemy could be 
repulsed, who, after spreading such general consternation, 
and killing a considerable number of men, retired at last 
in good order. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. y\ 

(16) But all feeling or remembrance of this loss and 
danger were quickly obliterated by a more dreadful, as 
well as affecting spectacle. (17) It was now broad day ; 
the hurricane had abated nothing of its violence, and the 
sea appeared agitated with all the rage of which that de- 
structive element is capable ; all the ships, on which alone 
the whole army knew that their safety and subsistence 
depended, were seen driven from their anchors, some 
dashing against each other, some beat to pieces on the 
rocks, many forced ashore, and not a few sinking in the 
waves. (18) In less than an hour, fifteen ships of war, 
and a hundred and forty transports, with eight thousand 
men perished; and such of the unhappy crews as 
had escaped the fury of the sea, were murdered without 
mercy by the Arabs, as soon as they reached land. (19) 
The Emperor stood in silent anguish and astonishment, 
beholding this fatal event, which at once blasted all his 
hopes of success, and buried in the depths the vast stores 
which he had provided, as well for annoying the enemy, 
as for subsisting his own troops. (20) He had it not in 
his power to afford them any other assistance or relief 
than by sending some troops to drive away the Arabs, 
and thus delivering a few who were so fortunate as to get 
ashore from the cruel fate which their companions had 
met with. (21) At last the wind began to fall, and to 
give some hopes that as many ships might escape as would 
be sufficient to save the army from perishing by famine, 
and trasport them back to Europe. (22) But these were 
only hopes ; the approach of evening covered the sea with 
darkness, and it Jbeing impossible for the officers on board 
the ships, which had outlived the storm, to send intelli- 
gence to their companions who were ashore, they re- 
mained during the night in all the anguish of suspense 
and uncertainty. (23) Next day, a boat dispatched by 
Doria made shift to reach land, with information, that 
having weathered out the storm, to which, during iitty 
years' knowledge of the sea, he had never seen any equal 
in fierceness and horror, he had found it necessary to bear 
away with his shattered ships to Cape Metafuz. (24) He 



72 «* DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

advised the Emperor, as the face of the sky was still 
lowering and tempestuous, to march with all speed to that 
place, where the troops could re-embark with greater ease. 
(25) Whatever comfort this intelligence afforded Charles, 
from being assured that part of his fleet had escaped, was 
balanced by the new cares and perplexity in which it in- 
volved him with regard to his army. (26) Metafuz w T as 
at least three days' march from his present camp ; all the 
provisions which he had brought ashore at his first land- 
ing were now consumed j his soldiers, worn out with 
fatigue, were hardly able for such a march, even in a 
friendly country, and being dispirited by a succession of 
hardships, which victory itself would scarcely have 
rendered tolerable^ they were in no condition to undergo 
new toils. (27) But the situation of the army was such 
as allowed not one moment for deliberation, nor left it the 
least doubtful what to choose. (28) They were ordered 
instantly to march, the wounded, the sick, and the feeble 
being placed in the center ; such as seemed most vigorous 
were stationed in the front and rear. (29) Then the sad 
effects of what they had suffered began to appear more 
manifestly than ever, and new calamities were added to 
all those which they had already endured. (30) Some 
could hardly bear the weight of their arms ; others, spent 
with the toil of forcing their way through deep and al- 
most impassable roads, sunk down and died ; many 
perished by famine, as the whole army subsisted chiefly 
on roots and berries, or the flesh of horses, killed by the 
Emperor's order, and distributed among the several bat- 
talions; many were drowned in brooks, which were 
swollen so much by the excessive rains, that in passing 
them they waded up to the chin ; not a few w T ere killed 
by the enemy, who during the greater part of their retreat, 
alarmed, harassed and annoyed them night and day. (31) 
At last they arrived at Metafuz ; and the weather being 
now so calm as to restore their communication with the 
fleet, they were supplied with plenty of provisions, and 
cheered with the prospect of safety. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, 73 

PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S SECOND INAUGURAL 
ADDRESS, 

Delivered oh the 4th of Makch, 1865. 

(1) Fellov; Countrymen: — At this second appearing 
to take the oath of the presidential office, there is less 
occasion for an extended address than there was at the 
first. (2) Then, a statement, somewhat in detail, of a 
course to be pursued, seemed fitting and proper. (3) Now, 
at the expiration of four years, during which public dec- 
larations have been constantly called forth on every point 
and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the 
attention and engrosses the energies of the nation, little 
that is new could be presented. (4) The progress of our 
arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known 
to the public as to myself; and it is, I trust, reasonably 
satisfactory and encouraging to all. (5) With high hope 
for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured. 

(6) On the occasion corresponding to this four years 
ago, all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending 
civil war. (7) All dreaded it ; all sought to avoid it. 
(8) While the inaugural address was being delivered from 
this place, devoted altogether to saving the Union without 
war, insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy 
it without war — seeking to dissolve the Union and divide 
the effects by negotiation. (9) Both parties deprecated 
war ; but one of them would make war rather than let 
the nation survive ; and the other would accept war rather 
than let it perish ; and the war came. 

(10) One eighth of the whole population were colored 
slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but lo- 
cated in the southern part of it. (11) These slaves con- 
stituted a peculiar and powerful interest. (12) All knew 
that this interest was somehow the cause of the war. (13) 
To strengthen, perpetuateand extend this interest was 
the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union 
by war ; while the government claimed no right to do 
more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it, 



74 



A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 



(14c) Neither party expected the magnitude or the dura- 
tion which the war has already attained. (15) Neither 
anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease, even 
bofore the conflict itself should cease. (16) Each looked 
for an easier triumph, and a result less fundamental and 
astounding. (17) Both read the same Bible and pray to 
the same God ; and each invokes his aid against the other. 
(18) It may seem strange that any man should dare to 
ask a just God's assistance in wringing his bread from the 
sweat of other men's faces. (19) But let us judge not, 
that we be not judged. (20) The prayers of both could 
not be answered. (21) That of neither has been answered 
fully. (22) The Almighty has his own purposes. (23) 
" Woe unto the world because of offenses ! for it must 
needs be that offenses come; but woe to that man by 
whom the offense cometh ! " (24) If we shall suppose 
that American slavery is one of these offenses, which, in 
the providence of God, must needs come, but which, 
having continued through his appointed time, he now 
wills to remove, and that he gives to both North and 
South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom 
the offense came, shall we discern therein any departure 
from those Divine attributes which the believers in a 
living God always ascribe to him ? (25) Fondly do we 
hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of 
war may speedily pass away. (26) Yet, if God wills that 
it continue until all the wealth, piled by the bondman's 
two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil, shall be 
sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall 
be paid by another drawn by the sword, as it was said three 
thousand years ago, so still it must be said, that "the judg- 
ments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether." 
(27) With malice toward none, with charity for all, 
with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the 
right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in ; to 
bind up the nation's wound ; to care for him who shall 
have borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphans ; 
to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and a 
lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. 



ELEMENTS OF TEE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 75 

SET DOWN MY NAME, SIR, 

(1) I saw also that the Interpreter took him again by 
the hand, and led him into a pleasant place, where was 
built a stately palace, beautiful to behold ; at the sight of 
which Christian was greatly delighted. (2) He saw also 
upon the top thereof certain persons walking, who were 
clothed all in gold. 

(3) Then said Christian, " May we go in thither % " 

(4) Then the Interpreter took him and led him up 
toward the door of the palace ; and behold, at the door 
stood a great company of men, as desirous to go in, but 
durst not. (5) There also sat a man at a little distance 
from the door, at a table-side, with a book and his inkhorn 
before him, to take the names of them that should enter 
therein ; he saw also that in the doorway stood many men 
in armor to keep it, being resolved to do to the men that 
would enter, what hurt and mischief they could. (6) Now 
was Christian somewhat in a maze. (7) At last, when 
every man started back for fear of the armed men, 
Christian saw a man of a very stout countenance come up 
to the man that sat there to write, saying, " Set down my 
name, sir ; " the which when he had done, he saw the 
man draw a sword, and put a helmet upon his head, and 
rush toward the door upon the armed men, who laid upon 
him with deadly force ; but the man not at all discouraged, 
fell to cutting and hacking most fiercely. (8) So after he 
had received and given many wounds to those that at- 
tempted to keep him out, he cut his way through them 
all and pressed forward into the palace ; at which there 
was a pleasant voice heard from those that were within, 
even of those that walked upon the top of the palace, 
saying : 

" Come in, come in, eternal glory shalt thou win." 

(9) So he went in and was clothed with such garments as 
they. (10) Then Christian smiled, and said, " I think 
verily I know the meaning of this," 



78 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

THE ZEAL NOT PROPER FOR RELIGION. 

(1) Any zeal is proper for religion but the zeal of the 
sword and the zeal of anger : this is the bitterness of zeal, 
and it is a certain temptation to every man against his 
duty ; for if the sword turns preacher, and dictates prop- 
ositions by empire instead of arguments, and engraves 
them in men's hearts with a poniard, that it shall be death 
to believe what I innocently and ignorantly am persuaded 
of, it must needs be unsafe to try the spirits, to try all 
things, to make inquiry; and, yet, without this liberty, no 
man can justify himself before God or man, nor confi- 
dently say that his religion is best. (2) This is inordi- 
nation of zeal ; for Christ, by reproving St. Peter drawing 
his sword even in the cause of Christ, for his sacred and 
yet injured person, teaches us not to use the sword, though 
in the cause of God, or for God himself. 

(3) When Abraham sat at his tent door, according to 
his custom, waiting to entertain strangers, he espied an 
old man, stooping and leaning on his staff, weary witli 
age and travel, coming towards him, who was a hundred 
years of age. (4) He received him kindly, washed his 
feet, provided supper, caused him to sit down ; but observ- 
ing that the old man eat, and prayed not, nor begged for 
a blessing on his meat, he asked him why he did not 
worship the God of heaven. (5) The old man told him 
that he worshiped the fire only, and acknowledged no 
other God. (6) At which answer Abraham grew so 
zealously angry, that he thrust the old man out of his 
tent, and exposed him to all the evils of the night, and an 
unguarded condition. (7) When the old man was gone, 
God called to Abraham, and asked him where the stranger 
was. (8) He replied, I thrust him away because he did 
not worship thee. (9) God answered him, I have suffered 
him these hundred years, although he dishonored me ; and 
couldst thou not endure him one night ? 



MLEkENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. ^ 

TOM SMART'S RIDE. 

(1) One winter's evening, about five o'clock, just as it 
began to grow dusk, a man in a gig might have been 
seen urging his tired horse along the road which leads 
across Marlborough downs, in the direction of Bristol. 
(2) I say he might have been seen, and I have no doubt 
he would have been, if anybody but a blind man had 
happened to pass that way ; but the weather w r as so bad, 
and the night so cold and wet, that nothing was out but 
the water, and so the traveler jogged along in the middle 
of the road, lonesome and dreary enough. (3) If any 
bagman of that day could have caught sight of the little 
neck-or-nothing sort of gig, with a clay-colored body and 
red wheels, and the vixenish, ill-tempered, fast-going bay 
mare, that looked like a cross between a butcher's horse 
and a two-penny post-office pony, he would have know^n 
at once, that this traveler could have been no other than 
Tom Smart, of the great house of Bilson and Slum, Cat- 
eaton Street, City. (4) However, as there was no bag- 
man to look on, nobody knew anything at all about the 
matter ; and so Tom Smart and his clay-colored gig with 
the red wheels, and the vixenish mare with the fast pace, 
went on together, keeping the secret among them, and 
nobody was a bit the wiser. 

(5) There are many pleasanter places, even in this 
dreary world, than Marlborough Downs, when it blows 
hard ; and if you throw in beside, a gloomy winter's even- 
ing, a miry and sloppy road, and a pelting fall of heavy 
rain, and try the effect, by way of experiment, in your 
own proper person, you will experience the full force of 
this observation. 

(6) The w T ind blew — not up the road or down it, though 
that's bad enough, but sheer across it, sending the rain 
slanting down like the lines they used to rule in the copy- 
books at school, to make the boys slope well. (7) For a 
moment it would die away, and then the traveler would 
begin to delude himself into the belief that, exhausted 
with its previous fury, it had quietly lain itself down to 



ffg A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

rest, when whoo ! lie would hear it growling and whis- 
tling in the distance, and on it would come, rushing over 
the hill-tops and sweeping along the plain, gathering 
sound and strength as it drew nearer, until it dashed with 
a heavy gust against horse and man, driving the sharp 
rain into their ears, and its cold damp breath into their 
very bones ; and past them it would scour, far, far away, 
with a stunning roar, as if in ridicule of their weakness, 
and triumphant in the consciousness of its own strength 
and power. 

(8) The bay mare splashed away, through the mud and 
water, with drooping ears, now and then tossing her head 
as if to express her disgust at this very ungentlemanly 
behavior of the elements, but keeping good pace notwith- 
standing, until a gust of wind more furious than any that 
had yet assailed them, caused her to stop suddenly, and 
plant her four feet firmly against the ground, to prevent 
her being blown over. (9) It's a special mercy that she 
did this, for if she had been blown over, the vixenish 
mare was so light, and the gig was so light, and Tom 
Smart such a light weight into the bargain, that they 
must infallibly have all gone rolling over and over to- 
gether, until they reached the confines of the earth, or 
until the wind fell ; and in either case the probability is, 
that neither the vixenish mare, nor the clay-colored gig 
with the red wheels, nor Tom Smart, would ever have 
been fit for service again. 

(10) " Well," says Tom Smart, " if this ain't pleasant, 
blow me." (11) You'll very likely ask me, why, as 
Tom Smart had been pretty well blown already, he ex- 
pressed this wish to be submitted to the same process 
again. (12) I can't say — all I know is, that Tom Smart 
said so — or at least he always told my uncle he said so, 
and it's just the same thing. 

(13) "Blow me," says Tom Smart; and the mare 
neighed as if she were of precisely the same opinion. 

(14) " Cheer up old girl," said Tom, patting the bay 
mare on the neck with the end of his whip. (15) " It 
won't do pushing on such a night as this ; the first house 



ELEMENTS OP THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



79 



we come to we'll put up at, so the faster you go the sooner 
it's over. (16) Soho, old girl — gently — gently." 

(17) Whether the vixenish mare was sufficiently well 
acquainted with the tones of Tom's voice to comprehend 
his meaning, or whether she found it colder standing still 
than moving on, of course I can't say. (18) But I can 
say that Tom had no sooner finished speaking than she 
pricked up her ears, and started forward at a speed which 
made the clay-colored gig rattle till you would have sup- 
posed every one of the red spokes was going to fly out on 
the turf of Marlborough Downs ; and even Tom, whip 
as he was, couldn't stop or check her pace, until she drew 
up, of her own accord, before a roadside inn, on the right- 
hand side of the w r ay, about a quarter of a mile from the 
end of the Downs. 



VICISSITUDE. 

(1) Now the golden morn aloft 

Waves her dew-bespangled wing, 
With vermil cheek and w r hisper soft, 

She woos the tardy spring ; 
Till April starts, and calls around, 
The sleeping fragrance from the ground, 
And lightly o'er the living scene 
Scatters his freshest, tenderest green. 

(2) New-born flocks, in rustic dance 

Frisking, ply their feeble feet ; 
Forgetful of their wintry trance, 

The birds his presence greet : 
But chief, the skylark warbles high 
His trembling, thrilling ecstasy ; 
And lessening from the dazzled sight, 
Melts into air and liquid light. 



80 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN Ttt8 

(3) Yesterday the sullen year 

Saw the snowy whirlwind fly ; 
Mute was the music of the air, 

The herd stood drooping by ; 
Their raptures now, that wildly flow, 
No yesterday nor morrow know ; 
'Tis man alone that joy descries, 
With forward and reverted eyes. 

(4) Smiles on past misfortune's brow 

Soft reflection's hand can trace, 
And o'er the cheek of sorrow throw 

A melancholy grace : 
While hope prolongs our happier hour : 
Or deepest shades, that dimly lower, 
And blacken round our weary way, 
Gilds with a gleam of distant day. 

(5) Still where rosy pleasure leads, 

See a kindred grief pursue, 
Behind the steps that misery treads 

Approaching comfort view : 
The hues of bliss more brightly glow, 
Chastened by sabler tints of woe ; 
And blended form, with artful strife, 
The strength and harmony of life. 

(6) See the wretch that long has tost 

On the thorny bed of pain, 
At length repair his vigor lost, 

And breathe and walk again ! 
The meanest flow'ret of the vale, 
The simplest note that swells the gale, 
The common sun, the air, the skies, 
To him are opening Paradise, 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



GREEN RIVER 

(1) When breezes are soft and skies are lair, 
I steal an hour from study and care, 
And hie me away to the Woodland scene, 
Where wanders the stream with waters of green ; 
As if the bright fringe of herbs on its brink 
Had given their stain to the wave they drink , 
And they, whose meadows it murmurs through, 
Have named the stream from its own fair hue. 

(2) Yet, pure its waters, — its shallows are bright 
With colored pebbles and sparkles of light, 
And clear the depths where its eddies play, 
And dimples deepen and whirl away ; 

And the plane-tree's speckled arms o'ershoot 

The swifter current that mines its root, 

Through whose shifting leaves, as you walk the hill 

The quivering glimmer of sun and rill 

With a sudden flash on the eye is thrown, 

Like the ray that streams from the diamond-stone. 

(3) O, loveliest there, the spring days come, 
With blossoms, and birds, and wild bee's hum ; 
The flowers of summer are fairest there, 

And freshest the breath of the summer ah' ; 
And sweetest the golden autumn day 
In silence and sunshine glides away. 

(i) Yet, fair as thou art, thou shun nest to glide, 
Beautiful stream ! by the village side ; 
But windest away from the haunts of men, 
To quiet valley and shaded glen ; 
And forest, and meadow, and slope of hill, 
Around thee are lonely, and lovely, and still, 
Lonely — save when, by thy rippling tides> 
From thicket to thicket the angler glides ; 
6 



82 A. DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

Or the simpler comes, with basket and book, 
For herbs of power on thy bank to look ; - 
Or, haply, some idle dreamer, like me, 
To wander, and muse, and gaze on thee, 
Still, save the chirp of birds,, that feed 
On the river cherry and seedy reed, 
And thy own wild music, gushing out 
With mellow murmur of fairy shout, 
From dawn to the blush of another daf, 
Like traveler singing along his way. 

(5) That fairy music I never hear, 

Nor gaze on those waters so green and clear, 
And mark them winding away from sight, 
Darkened with shade, or flashing with light, 
While o'er them the vine to its thicket clings, 
And the zephyr stoops to freshen his wings ; 
But I wish that fate had left me free / 
To wander these quiet haunts with thee, 
Till the eating cares of earth should depart, 
And the peace of the scene pass into my heart ; 
And I envy the stream, as it glides along 
Through its beautiful banks, in a trance of song. 

(6) Though forced to drudge for the dregs of men, 
And scrawl strange words with the barbarous pen, 
And mingle among the jostling crowed, 

Where the sons of strife are subtle and loud, — 

I often come to this quiet place 

To breathe the airs that ruffle thy face, 

And gaze upon thee in silent dream, 

For in thy lonely and lovely stream 

An image of that calm life appears 

That won my heart in my greener years* 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 33 

GRACE PREFERABLE TO BEAUTY. 

Letter lxxvi. 

FROM HINGPO TO LIEN CHI ALTANGI, BY THE WAY OF 

MOSCOW. 

(1) I still remain at Terki, where I have received that 
money which was remitted here in order to release me 
from captivity. (2) My fair companion still improves in 
my esteem ; the more I know her mind, her beauty 
becomes more poignant ; she appears charming, even 
among: the daughters of Circassia. 

(3) Yet were I to examine her beauty with the art of 
a statuary, I should find numbers here that far surpass 
her ; nature has not granted her all the boasted Circas- 
sian regularity of feature, and yet she greatly exceeds the 
fairest of the country in the art of seizing the affections. 
(4) " Whence," have I often said to myself, " this resist- 
less magic that attends ev§n moderate charms ? though I 
regard the beauties of the country with admiration, every 
interview weakens the impression, but the form of Zelis 
grows upon my imagination ; I never behold her without 
an increase of tenderness and respect. (5) Whence this 
injustice of the mind, in preferring imperfect beauty to 
that which nature seems to have finished with care ? (6) 
Whence the infatuation, that he whom a comet could not 
amaze, should be astonished at a meteor ? " (7) When 
reason was thus fatigued to find an answer, my imagi 
nation pursued the subject, and this was the result. 

(8) I fancied myself placed between two landscapes, 
this called the Region of Beauty, and that the Valley of 
the Graces : the one adorned with all that luxuriant nature 
could bestow ; the fruits of various climates adorned the 
trees, the groves resounded with music, the gale breathed 
perfume, every charm that could arise from symmetry and 
exact distribution were here conspicuous, the whole offer- 
ing a prospect of pleasure without end. (9) The Valley 



84 



A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 



of the Graces, on the other hand, seemed by no means so 
inviting ; the streams and groves appeared just as they 
usually do in frequented countries : no magnificent par- 
terres, no concert in the grove, the rivulet was edged 
with weeds, and the rook joined its voice to that of the 
nightingale. (10) All was simplicity and nature. 

(11) The most striking objects ever first allure the 
traveler. (12) I entered the Region of Beauty with 
increased curiosity, and promised myself endless satisfac- 
tion in being introduced to the presiding goddess. (13) 
I perceived several strangers, who entered with the same 
design ; and what surprised me not a little, was to see 
several others hastening to leave this abode of seeming 
felicity. 

(14) After some fatigue, I had at last the honor of 
being introduced to the goddess who represented Beauty . 
in person. (15) She was seated on a throne, at the foot 
of which stood several strangers, lately introduced like 
me, all regarding her form in ecstasy. (16) " Ah, what 
eyes ! what lips ! how clear her complexion ! how perfect 
her shape ! " (17) At these exclamations, Beauty, with 
downcast eyes, would endeavor to counterfeit modesty, but 
soon again looking round as if to confirm every spectator 
in his favorable sentiments ; sometimes she would attempt 
to allure us by smiles ; and at intervals would bridle back, 
in order to inspire us with respect as well as tenderness. 
(18) This ceremony lasted for some time, and had so 
much employed our eyes, that we had forgot all this while 
that the goddess was silent, (19) We soon, however, 
began to perceive the defect. (20) "What! "said we, 
among each other, " are we to have nothing but languish- 
ing airs, soft looks, and inclinations of the head ; will the 
o-oddess only deign to satisfy our eyes ! " (21) Upon 
this one of the company stepped up to present her with 
some fruits he had gathered by the way. (22) She 
received the present most sweetly smiling, and with one 
of the whitest hands in the world, but still not a word 
escaped her lips* 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. $5 

(23) I now found that my companions grew weary of 
their homage ; they went off one by one, and resolving 
not to be left behind, I offered to go in my turn, when, 
just at the door of the temple, I was called back by a 
female whose name was Pride, and who seemed displeased 
at the behavior of the company. (24) " Where are you 
hastening ? " said she to me with an angry air ; " the 
Goddess of Beauty is here." (25) " I have been to visit 
her, madam," replied I, u and I find her more beautiful even 
than report had made her." (26) " And why then will 
you leave her ? " added the female. (27) " I have seen 
her long enough," returned I, " I have got all her features 
by heart. (28) Her eyes are still the same. (29) Her 
nose is a very fine one, but it is still just such a nose now 
as it was half an hour ago : could she throw a little more 
mind into her face, perhaps I should be for washing to have 
more of her company." 

(30) " What signifies," replied my female, " whether 
she has a mind or not ; has she any occasion for a mind, 
so formed as she is by nature ? (31) If she had a com- 
mon face, indeed, there might be some reason for thinking 
to improve it; but when features are already perfect, 
every alteration would but impair them. (32) A fiue 
face is already at the point of perfection, and a fine lady 
should endeavor to keep it so : the impression it w x ould re- 
ceive from thought would but disturb its whole economy." 

(33) To this speech I gave no reply, but made the best 
of my way to the Valley of the Graces. (34) Here I 
found all those who before had been my companions in 
the Region of Beauty, now upon the same errand. 

(35) As we entered the valley, the prospect insensibly 
seemed to improve ; we found everything so natural, so 
domestic, and pleasing, that our minds, which before were 
congealed in admiration, now relaxed into gayety and 
good humor. (36) We had designed to pay our respects 
to the presiding goddess, but she was nowhere to be 
found. (37) One of our companions asserted, that her 
temple lay to the right ; another, to the left ; a third in- 
sisted that it was straight before us ; and a fourth, that we 



gg .4 DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

had left it behind. (38) In short, we found everything 
familiar and charming, but could not determine where to 
seek for the Grace in person. 

(39) In this agreeable incertitude we passed several 
hours, and though very desirous of finding the goddess, by 
no means impatient of the delay. (40) Every part of the 
valley presented some minute beauty, wliich, without 
offering itself, at once stole upon the soul, and captivated 
us with the charms of our retreat. (41) Still, however, 
we continued to search, and might still have continued, 
had we not been interrupted by a voice, which, though w T e 
could not see from whence it came, addressed us in this 
manner : "If you would find the Goddess of Grace, seek 
her not under one form, for she assumes a thousand. (42) 
Ever changing under the eye of inspection, her variety, 
rather than her figure, is pleasing. (43) In contemplat- 
ing her beauty, the eye glides over every perfection with 
giddy delight, and, capable of fixing nowhere, is charmed 
with the whole. (44) She is now Contemplation with 
solemn look, again Compassion with humid eye; she now 
sparkles with joy, soon every feature speaks distress ; her 
looks at times invite our approach, at others repress our 
presumption: the goddess can not be properly called 
beautiful under any one of these forms, but by combining 
them all she becomes irresistibly pleasing." (45) Adieu. 



TO HIS MOTHER. 

Eheims, June 21, N. S. 1739. 
(1) We have now been settled almost three weeks in 
this city, which is more considerable upon account of 
its size and antiquity, than from the number of its in- 
habitants, or any advantages of commerce. (2) There 
is little in it worth a stranger's curiosity, besides the 
cathedral church, which is a vast Gothic building of a 
surprising beauty and lightness, all covered over with a 
profusion of little statues, and other ornaments, (3) 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



87 



It is here the kings of France are crowned by the arch- 
bishop of Rheims, who is the first* peer, and the primate 
of the kingdom. (4) The holy vessel made use of on 
that occasion, which contains the oil, is kept in the 
church of St. Nicasius hard by, and is believed to have 
been brought by an angel from heaven at the coronation 
of Clovis, the first Christian king. (5) The streets in 
general have but a melancholy aspect, the houses all old ; 
the public walks run along the side of a great moat 
under the ramparts, where one hears a continual croaking 
of frogs ; the country round about is one great plain 
covered with vines, which at this time of the year afford 
no very pleasing prospect, as being not above a foot high. 
(6) What pleasure the place denies to the sight, it makes 
up to the palate ; since you have nothing to drink but the 
best champagne in the world, and all sorts of provisions 
equally good. (7) As to other pleasures, there is not 
that freedom of conversation among the people of fashion 
here, that one sees in other parts of France ; for though 
they are not very numerous in this place, and consequently 
must live a good deal together, yet they never come to 
any great familiarity with one another. (8) As my Lord 
Conway had spent a good part of his time among them, 
his brother, and we with him, w r ere soon introduced into 
all their assemblies. (9) As soon as you enter, the lady 
of the house presents each of you a card, and offers you 
a party at quadrille ; you sit down, and play forty deals 
without intermission, excepting one-quarter of an hour, 
when everybody rises to eat of what they call the gouter, 
which supplies the place of our tea, and is a service of 
wine, fruits, cream, sweetmeats, craw-fish and cheese. (10) 
People take w T hat they like, and sit down again to play ; 
after that, they make little parties to go to the walks 
together, and then all the company retire to their separate 
habitations. (11) Very seldom any suppers or dinners 
are given ; and this is the manner they live among one 
another ; not so much out of any aversion they have to 
pleasure, as out of a formality they have contracted by 
not being much frequented by people who have lived at 



88 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

Paris. (12) It is sure they do not hate gayety any more 
than the rest of their country-people, and can enter into 
diversions, that are once proposed, with a good grace 
enough ; for instance, the other evening we happened to 
be got together in a company of eighteen people, men 
and women of the best fashion here, at a garden in the 
town, to walk ; when one of the ladies bethought herself 
of asking, why should not we sup here? (13) Immedi-" 
ately the cloth was laid by the. side of a fountain, under 
the trees, and a very elegant supper served up : after 
which, another said, Come, let us sing ; and directly began 
herself. (14) From singing, we instantly fell to dancing, 
and singing in a round, when somebody mentioned the 
violins, and immediately a company of them was ordered. 
(25) Minuets were begun in the open air, and then some 
country-dances, which held till four o'clock next morning, 
at which hour, the gayest lady there proposed, that such 
as were weary should get into their coaches, and the rest 
of them should dance before them with the music in the 
van; and in this manner we paraded through all the 
principal streets of the city, and waked everybody in it. 
(16) Mr. Walpole had a mind to make a custom of the 
thing, and would have given a ball in the same mapner 
next week, but the women did not come into it ; so I be- 
lieve it will drop, and they will return to their dull cards 
and usual formalities. (17) We are not to stay above a 
month longer here, and shall then go to Dijon, the chief 
city of Burgundy, a very splendid and a very gay town ; 
at least, such is the present design. 



TO HIS FATHEE. 

Dljon, Friday, Sept. 11, K S. 1739. 

(1) We have made three short days 5 journey of it from 
Rheims hither, where we arrived the night before last. 
(2) The road we have passed through has been extremely 
agreeable ; it runs through the most fertile part of Cham 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 89 

paigne, by the side of the river Marne, with a chain of 
hills on each hand, at some distance, entirely covered with 
woods and vineyards, and every now and then the ruins 
of some old castle on their tops ; we lay at St. Dizier 
the first night, and at Langres the second, and got hither 
the next evening, time enough to have a full view of this 
city on entering it. (3) It lies in a very extensive plain, 
covered with vines and corn, and consequently is plenti- 
fully supplied with both. (4) I need not tell you that it 
is the chief city of Burgundy, nor that it is of great an- 
tiquity ; considering which, one should imagine it ought 
to be larger than one finds it. (5) However, what it 
wants in extent is made up in beauty and cleanliness, and 
in rich convents and churches, most of which we have 
seen. (6) The palace of the States is a magnificent new 
building, where the Duke of Bourbon is lodged when he 
comes over every three years to hold that assembly as 
governor of the province. (7) A quarter of a mile out 
of the town is a famous abbey of Carthusians, which w r e 
are just returned from seeing. (8) In their chapel are 
the tombs of the ancient Dukes of Burgundy, that were 
so powerful, till, at ihe death of Charles the Bold, the 
last of them, this part of his dominions was united by 
Louis XI. to the crown of France. (9) To-morrow we 
are to pay a visit to the abbot of the Cistercians, who 
lives a few leagues off, and who uses to receive all 
strangers with great civility ; his abbey is one of the 
richest in the kingdom ; he keeps open house always, and 
lives with great magnificence. (10) We have seen 
enough of this town already, to make us regret the time 
we spent at Bheims ; it is full of people of condition, who 
seem to form a much more agreeable society than we 
found in Champaigne ; but as we shall stay here but two 
or three days longer, it is not worth while to be introduced 
into their houses. (11) On Monday or Tuesday we are 
to set out for Lyons, which is two days' journey distant, 
and from thence you shall hear again from me. 



90 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

TO MAJOR COWPER. 

Huntingdon, Oct., 1765. 

(1) My Dear Major : — I have neither lost the use of 
my fingers nor my memory, though my unaccountable 
silence might incline you to suspect that I had lost both. 
(2) The history of those things which have, from time to 
time, prevented my scribbling, would not only be insipid, 
but extremely voluminous, for which reasons they will 
not make their appearance at present, nor probably at 
any time hereafter. (3) If my neglecting to write to you 
were a proof that I had never thought of you, and that 
had been really the case, five shillings apiece would have 
been much too little to give for the sight of such a mon- 
ster ! but I am no such monster, nor do I perceive in my- 
self the least tendency to such a transformation. (4) You 
may recollect that I had but very uncomfortable expec- 
tations of the accommodations I should meet with at 
Huntingdon. (5) How much better it is to take our lot 
where it shall please Providence to cast it without anxiety ! 
had I chosen for myself, it is impossible I could have fixed 
upon a place so agreeable to me in all respects. (6) I so 
much dreaded the thought of having a new acquaintance 
to make with no other recommendation than that of being 
a perfect stranger, that I heartily wished no creature here 
Slight take the" least notice of me. (7) Instead of which, 
in about two months after my arrival, I became known to 
all the visitable people here, and do verily think it the 
most agreeable neighborhood I ever saw. 

(8) Here are three families who have received me with 
the utmost civility, and two in particular have treated me 
with as much cordiality as if their pedigree and mine had 
grown upon the same sheep-skin. (9) Besides these, there 
are three or four single men, who suit my temper to a 
hair. (10) The town is one of the neatest in England ; 
the country is fine for several miles about it ; and the 
roads, which are all turnpike, and strike out four or five 
different ways, are perfectly good all the year round. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 9] 

(11) I mention this latter circumstance chiefly because 
my distance from Cambridge has made a horseman of me 
at last, or at least is likely to do so. (12) My brother 
and I meet every week, by an alternate reciprocation of 
intercourse, as Sam Johnson would express it ; sometimes 
I get a lift in a neighbor's chaise, but generally ride. (13) 
As to my own personal condition, I am much happier 
than the day is long, and sunshine and candle-light alike 
see me perfectly contented. (15) I get books in abun- 
dance, as much company as I choose, a deal of comfortable 
leisure, and enjoy better health, 1 think, than for many 
years past. (15) What is there wanting to make me 
happy? (16) Nothing, if I can but be as thankful as I 
ought, and I trust that He, who has bestowed so many 
blessings upon me will give me gratitude to crown them 
all. (17) I beg you will give my love to my dear cousin 
Maria, and to everybody at the Park. (18) If Mrs. 
Maitland is with you, as I suspect by a passage in Lady 
Hesketh's letter to me, pray remember me to her very 
affectionately. (19) And believe me, my dear friend, 
ever yours, w. c. 



TO THE REV. WILLIAM UN WIN. 

Olney, Aug. 6, 1780. 

(1) My Dear Friend: — You like to hear from me— 
this is a very good reason why I should write — but I have 
nothing to say — this seems equally a good reason why I 
should not ; yet if you had alighted from your horse at 
our door this morning, and, at this present writing, being 
live o'clock in the afternoon, had found occasion to say to 
me — " Mr. Cowper, you have not spoke since I came in; 
have you resolved never to speak again \ " — it would be 
but a poor reply, if, in answer to the summons, I should 
plead inability as my best and only excuse. (2) And this, 
by the way, suggests to me a seasonable piece of instruc- 
tion ; and reminds me of what I am very apt to forget 



92 -A BRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

when I have any epistolary business in hand ; that a letter 
may be written upon anything or nothing, just as that 
anything or nothing happens to occur. (3) A man that 
has a journey before him, twenty miles in length, which 
he is to perform on foot, will not hesitate and doubt 
whether he shall set out or not, because he does not 
readily conceive how he shall ever reach the end of it ; 
for he knows that, by the simple operation of moving 
one foot forward first and then the other, he shall be sure 
to accomplish it. (4) So it is in the present case, and so 
it is in every similar case. (5) A letter is written, as a 
conversation is mantained or a journey performed, not by 
preconcerted or premeditated means, a new contrivance, 
or an invention never heard of before ; but merely by 
maintaining a progress, and resolving, as a postillion does, 
having once set out, never to stop until we reach the 
appointed end. (6) If a man may talk without thinking, 
why may he not write upon the same terms ? (7) A 
grave gentleman of the last century, a tie-w T ig, square- 
toe, Steinkirk figure, would saj^, " My good sir, a man has 
no right to do either." (8) But it is to be hoped that 
the present century has nothing to do with the mouldy 
opinions of the last ; and so, good Sir Launcelot, or St. 
Paul, or whatever be your name, step into your picture 
frame again, and look as if you thought for another cen- 
tury, and leave us moderns in the meantime to think 
when we can, and to write whether we can or not, else 
we might as w r ell be dead as you are. 

(9) When we look back upon our forefathers, we seem 
to look back upon the people of another nation, almost 
upon creatures of another species. (10) Their vast ram- 
bling mansions, spacious halls and painted casements, the 
Gothic porch, smothered with honeysuckles, their little 
gardens, and high walls, their box-edgings, balls of holly, 
and yew-tree statues, are become so entirely unfashion- 
able now, that we can hardly believe it possible that a 
people who resembled us so little in their taste should 
resemble us in anything else. (11) But in everything 
else I suppose they w^ere our counterparts exactly ; and 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 93 

time, that has sewed up the slashed sleeve, and reduced 
the large trunk hose to a neat pair of silk stockings, has 
left human nature just where it found it. (12) The inside 
of the man at least has undergone no change. (13) His 
passions, appetites and aims, are just what they ever were. 
(14) They wear perhaps a handsomer disguise than they 
did in the days of yore, for philosophy and literature will 
have their effect upon the exterior; but in every other 
respect a modern is only an ancient in a different dress. 
Yours, w. c. 



PAUL REVERE'S RIDE. 

(1) Listen, my children, and you shall hear 
Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, 

On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five ; 

Hardly a man is now alive 

Who remembers that famous day and year. 

(2) He said to his friend, "If the British march 
By land or sea from the town to-night, 

Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry arch 

Of the North Church tower, as a signal light, — 

One, if by land, and two, if by sea; 

And I on the opposite shore will be, 

Ready to ride and spread the alarm 

Through every Middlesex village and farm, 

For the country-folk to be up and to arm." 

(3) Then he said, " Good night ! " and with muffled oar 
Silently rowed to the Charleston shore, 

Just as the moon rose over the bay, 

Where swinging wide at the moorings lay 

The Somerset, British man-of-war ; 

A phantom ship, with each mast and spar 

Across the moon like a prison bar, 

And a huge black hulk, that was magnified 

By its own reflection in the tide. 



94; DRILL AND PARSING BOOK Ifr THE 

(4) Meanwhile, his friend through alley and street, 
Wanders and watches with eager ears, 

Till in the silence around him he hears 
The muster of men at the barrack-door, 
The sound of arms and the tramp of feet, 
And the measured tread of the grenadiers, 
Marching down to their boats on the shore. 

(5) Then he climbed to the tower of the church, 
Up the w r ooden stairs, with stealthy tread, 

To the belfry-chamber overhead, 
And startled the pigeons from their perch 
On the sombre rafters, that round him made 
Masses and moving shapes of shade, — 
Up the trembling ladder, steep and tall, 
To the highest window in the wall, 
Where he paused to listen and look down 
A moment on the roofs of the town, 
And the moonlight flowing over all. 

(6) Beneath, in the churchyard, lay the dead, 
In their night-encampment on the hill, 
Wrapped in silence so deep and still 

That he could hear, like a sentinel's tread, 
The watchful night-wind, as it went] 
Creeping along from tent to tent, 
And seeming to whisper, " All is well ! " 

(7) A moment only he feels the spell 

Of the place and the hour, and the secret dread 

Of the lonely belfry and the dead ; 

For suddenly all his thoughts are bent 

On a shadowy something far away, 

Where the river winds to meet the bay, — - 

A line of black that bends and floats 

On the rising tide, like a bridge of boats. 

(8) Meanwhile, impatient to mount and ride, 
Booted and spurred, with a heavy stride 

On the opposite shore walked Paul Revere. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 95 

(9) Now he patted his horse's side, 
Now gazed at the landscape far and near, 
Then, impetuous, stamped the earth, 
And turned and tightened his saddle-girth ; 
But mostly he watched, with eager search, 
The belfry-tower of the Old North Church, 
As it rose above the graves on the hill, 
Lonely and spectral and sombre and still. 

(10) And lo ! as he looks, on the belfry's height 
A glimmer, and then a gleam of light ! 

(11) He springs to the saddle, the bridle he turns, 
But lingers and gazes, till full on his sight 

A second lamp in the belfry burns ! 

(12) A hurry of hoofs in a village street, 

A shape in the moonlight, a bulk in the dark, 

And beneath, from the pebbles, in passing, a spark 

Struck out by a steed, flying fearless and fleet ; 

That was all! (13) And yet, through the gloom and the 

light, 
The fate of a nation was riding that night ; 
And the spark struck out by that steed, in his flight, 
Kindled the land into flame with its heat. 

(14) He has left the village and mounted the steep, 
And beneath him, tranquil and broad and deep, 

Is the Mystic, meeting the ocean tides ; 
And under the alders, that skirt its edge, 
Now soft on the sand, now loud on the ledge, 
Is heard the tramp of his steed as he rides. 

(15) It was twelve by the village clock 

When he crossed the bridge into Medford town. 

(16) He heard the crowing of the cock, 
And the barking of the farmer's dog, 
And felt the damp of the river fog, 
That rises after the sun goes down. 

(17) It was one by the village clock, 
When he galloped into Lexington. 



<)$ A DRILL AlS f D PARSffiG hOOK IN THM 

(18) He saw the gilded weathercock 
Swim in the moonlight as he passed, 

And the meeting-house windows, blank and bare, 

Gaze at him with a spectral glare, 

As if they already stood aghast 

At the bloody work they would look upon. 

(19) It was two by the village clock, 

When he came to the bridge in Concord town. 

(20) He heard the bleating of the flock, 
And the twitter of birds among the trees, 
And felt the breath of the morning breeze 
Blowing over the meadows brown. 

(21) And one was safe and asleep in his bed 
Who at the bridge would be first to fall, 
Who that day would be lying dead, 
Pierced by a British musket- ball. 

(22) You know the rest. (23) In the books you have 

read, 
How the British Regulars fired and fled, — 
How the farmers gave them ball for ball, 
From behind each fence and farm-yard wall, 
Chasing the red-coats down the lane, 
Then crossing the fields to emerge again 
Under the trees at the turn of the road, 
And only pausing to fire and load. 

(24) So through the night rode Paul Revere ; 
And so through the night went his cry of alarm 
To every Middlesex village and farm, — ■ 

A cry of defiance and not of fear, 

A voice in the darkness, a knock at the door, 

And a word that shall echo forevermore ! 

(25) For, borne on the night-wind of the Past, 
Through all our history, to the last, 

In the hour of darkness and peril and need. 
The people will waken and listen to hear 
The hurrying hoof-beats of that steed, 
And the midnight message of Paul Revere. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



JULIUS CESAR, ACT I., SCENE I. 

Flavius. Hence ! home, you idle creatures, get you 
home. 
Is this a holiday I What ! know you not, 
Being mechanical, you ought not walk, 
Upon a laboring day, without the sign 
Of your profession ? — Speak, what trade art thou ? 

1 Citizen. Why, sir, a carpenter. 

Marullus. Where is thy leather apron, and thy rule ? 
What dost thou with thy best apparel on ? 
You, sir ; what trade are you ? 

2 Citizen. Truly, sir, in respect of a line workman, I 
am but as you would say, a cobbler. 

Marullus. But what trade art thou ? Answer me 
directly. 

2 Citizen. A trade, sir, that I hope I may use with a 
safe conscience ; which is, indeed, sir, a mender of bad 
soles. 

Marullus. What trade, thou knave ; thou naughty 
knave, what trade ? 

2 Citizen. Nay, I beseech you, sir, be not out with 
me : yet, if you be out, sir, I can mend you. 

Marullus. What mean'st thou by that ? Mend me, 
thou saucy fellow ? 

2 Citizen. Why, sir, cobble you. 

Flavius. Thou art a cobbler, art thou i 

2 Citizen. Truly sir, all that I live by is with the awl. 
I meddle with no tradesman's matters, nor women's mat- 
ters, but with awl. I am, indeed, sir, a surgeon to old 
shoes : when they are in great danger, I recover them. 
As proper men as ever trod upon neat's leather have gone 
upon my handiwork. 

Flavius. But wherefore art not in thy shop to-day { 
Why dost thou lead these men about the streets \ 

2 Citizen. Truly, sir, to wear out their shoes, to get 
myself into more work. But indeed, sir, we make holiday 
to see Csesar and to rejoice in his triumph. 
7 



102 A DMLL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

back the children of a family, who have launched forth 
in life, and wandered widely asunder, once more to 
assemble about the paternal hearth, that rallying place of 
the affections, there to grow young and loving again 
among the endearing mementos of childhood. 

(13) There is something in the very season of the year 
that gives a charm to the festivity of Christmas. (14) 
At other times we derive a great portion of our pleasure 
from the mere beauties of nature. (15) Our feelings 
sally forth and dissipate themselves over the sunny land- 
scape, and we "live abroad and everywhere." (16) The 
song of the bird, the murmur of the stream, the breathing 
fragrance of spring, the soft voluptuousness of summer, 
the golden pomp of autumn ; earth with its mantle of 
refreshing green, and heaven with its deep delicious blue 
and its cloudy magnificence, all fill us with mute but 
exquisite delight, and we revel in the luxury of mere 
sensation. (17) But in the depth of winter, w r hen nature 
lies despoiled of every charm, and wrapped in her shroud 
of sheeted snow, we turn for our gratifications to moral 
sources. (18) The dreariness and desolation of the land- 
scape, the short gloomy days and darksome nights, while 
they circumscribe our wanderings, shut in our feelings 
also from rambling abroad, and make us more keenly 
disposed for the pleasure of the social circle. (19) Our 
thoughts are more concentrated ; our friendly sympathies 
more aroused. (20) We feel more sensibly the charm of 
each other's society, and are brought more closely to- 
gether by dependence on each other for enjoyment. 
(21) Heart calleth unto heart; and we draw our pleasure 
from the deep wells of loving-kindness, which lie in the 
quite recesses of our bosoms ; and which, when resorted 
to, furnish forth the pure element of domestic felicity. 

(22) The pitchy gloom without makes the heart dilate 
on entering the room filled with the glow and warmth of 
the evening fire. (23) The ruddy blaze diffuses an 
artificial summer and sunshine through the room, and 
lights up each countenance in a kindlier w r elcome. (24) 
Where does the honest face of hospitality expand into a 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 103 

broader and more cordial smile— where is the shy glance 
of love more sweetly eloquent — than by the winter fire- 
side ? and as the hollow blast of wintry wind rushes 
through the hall, claps the distant door, whistles about the 
casement, and rumbles about the chimney, what can be 
more grateful than the feeling of sober and sheltered 
security, with which we look round upon the comfortable 
chamber and, the scene of domestic hilarity ? 

(25) The English, from the great prevalence of rural 
habit throughout every class of society, have always been 
fond of those festivals and holidays which agreeably inter- 
rupt the stillness of country life ; and they were, in former 
days, particularly observant of the religious and social 
rites of Christmas. (26) It is inspiring to read even the 
dry details which some antiquarians have given of the 
quaint humors, the burlesque pageants, the complete 
abandonment to mirth and good fellowship, with which 
this festival was celebrated. (27) It seemed to throw 
open every door, and unlock every heart. (28) It brought 
the peasant and the peer together, and blended all ranks 
in one warm, generous flow of joy and kindness. (29) 
The old halls of castles and manor-houses resounded with 
the harp and the Christmas carol, and their ample boards 
groaned under the weight of hospitality. (30) Even the 
poorest cottage welcomed the festive season with green 
decorations of bay and holly — the cheerful fire glanced 
its ra} T s through the lattice, invitng the passengers to 
raise the, latch, and join the gossip knot huddled round 
the hearth, beguiling the long evenings with legendary 
jokes and oft-told Christmas tales. 

(31) One of the least pleasing effects of modern refine- 
ment is the havoc it has made among the hearty old holi- 
day customs. (32) It has completely taken off the sharp 
touchings and spirited reliefs of these embellishments of 
life, and has worn down society into a more smooth and 
polished, but certainly a less characteristic surface. (33) 
Many of the games and ceremonials of Christmas have 
entirely disappeared, and, like the sherris sack of old 
Falstaff, are become matters of speculation and dispute 



100 A DRILL 4 AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

of a knife, is properly only the participle perfect of " to 
have," that whereby you " have " or hold it. (7) Or take 
two or three nouns adjective ; " strong " is the participle 
past of " to string ; n a " strong V man means no more 
than one whose sinews are firmly "strung." (8) The 
" left " hand, as distinguished from the right, is the hand 
which we " leave;" inasmuch as for twenty times we use 
the right hand, we do not once employ it; and it obtains 
its name from being " left " unused so often. (9) " Wild " 
is the participle past of " to will ; " a " wild " horse is a 
" willed " or self-willed horse, one that has never been 
tamed or taught to submit its will to the will of another ; 
and so with a man. 



CHRISTMAS. 

But is old, old, good old Christmas gone? Nothing 
but the hair of his good, gray, old head and beard left % 
Well, I will have that, seeing I cannot have more of 
him. — [Hue and Cry after Christmas. 

A man might then behold 

At Christmas, in each hall 
Good fires to curb the cold, 

And meats for great and small. 
The neighbors were friendly bidden, 

And all had welcome true, 
The poor from the gates were not chidden 

When this old cap was new. 

— [Old Song. 

(1) Nothing in England exercises a more delightful 
spell over my imagination, than the lingerings of the 
holiday customs and rural games of former times. (2) 
They recall the pictures my fancy used to draw in the 
May morning of life, when as yet I only knew the world 
through books, and believed it to be all that poets had 
painted it; and they bring with them the flavor of those 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. \Q\ 

honest days of yore, in which, perhaps, with equal fallacy, 
I am apt to think the world was more home-bred, social, 
and joyous than at present. (3) I regret to say that they 
are daily growing more and more faint, being gradually 
worn away by time, but still more obliterated by modern 
fashion. (4) They resemble those picturesque morsels of 
Gothic architecture, which we see crumbling in various 
parts of the country, partly dilapidated by the waste of 
ages, and partly lost in the additions and alterations of 
later days. (5) Poetry, however, clings with cherishing 
fondness about the usual game and holiday revel, from 
which it has derived so many of its themes — as the ivy 
winds its rich foliage about the Gothic arch and moulder- 
ing tower, gratefully repaying their support, by clasping 
together their tottering remains, and, as it were, embalm- 
ing them in verdure. 

(6) Of all the old festivals, however, that of Christmas 
awakens the strongest and most heartfelt associations. 
(7) There is a tone of solemn and sacred feeling that 
blends with our conviviality, and lifts the spirit to a state 
of hallowed and elevated enjoyment. (8) The services 
of the church about this season are extremely tender and 
inspiring. (9) They dwell on the beautiful story of the 
origin of our faith, and the pastoral scenes that accom 
panied its announcement. (10) They gradually increase 
in fervor and pathos during the season of Advent, until 
they break forth in full jubilee on the morning that 
♦brought peace and good-will to men. (11) I do not 
know a grander effect of music on the moral feelings, 
than to hear the full choir and the pealing organ perform- 
ing a Christmas anthem in a cathedral, and filling every 
part of the vast pile with triumphant harmony. 

(12) It is a beautiful arrangement, also, derived from 
days of yore, that this festival, which commemorates the 
announcement of the religion of peace and love, has been 
made the season for gathering together of family connect 
tions, and drawing closer again those bands of kindred 
hearts, which the cares and pleasures and sorrows of the 
world are continually operating to cast loose ; of calling 



98 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

Marullus. Wherefore rejoice ? "What cooquest brings 
he home ? 
What tributaries follow him to Rome, 
To grace in captive bonds his chariot wheels ? 
You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things ! 
O, you hard hearts, you cruel men of Rome, 
Knew you not Pompey ? Many a time and oft 
Have you climbed up to w T alls and battlements, 
To towers and windows, yea, to chimney-tops, 
Your infants in your arms, and there have sat 
The live-long day, with patient expectation, 
To see great Pompey pass the streets of Rome : 
And when you saw his chariot but appear, 
Have you not made an universal shout, 
That Tiber trembled underneath her banks, 
To hear the replication of your sounds, 
Made in her concave shores ? 
And do you now put on your best attire ? 
And do you now cull out a holiday ? 
And do you now strew flowers in his way, 
That comes in triumph over Pompey's blood ? 
Begone ! 

Run to your houses, fall upon your knees, 
Pray to the gods to intermit the plague 
That needs must light on this ingratitude. 

Flavixjs. Go, go, good countrymen, and for this fault, 
Assemble all the poor men of your sort ; 
Draw them to Tiber banks, and weep your tears 
Into the channel, till the lowest stream 
Do kiss the most exalted shores of all. 
See, whe'r their basest metal be not moved ! 
They vanish tongue-tied in their guiltiness. 
Go you down that wa} T towards the Capital ; 
This way will T. Disrobe the images, 
If you do find them decked with ceremonies. 

Marullus. May we do so ? 
You know it is the feast of LupercaL 

Flavius. It is no matter ; let no images 
Be hung with Caesar's trophies. I'll about, 






ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 99 

And drive away the vulgar from the streets ; 
So do you too, where you perceive them thick. 
These growing feathers plucked from Caesar's wing 
Will make him soar an ordinary pitch ; 
Who else would soar above the view of men, 
And keep us all in servile tearfulness. 



THE RELATIONSHIP OF WORDS. 

(1) Even now the relationship of words, which is so 
important for our right understanding of them, is con- 
tinually overlooked ; a very little thing serving to conceal 
them from us. (2) For example, what a multitude of 
our nouns substantive and adjective are, in fact, unsus- 
pected participles, or otherwise most closely connected 
with verbs, with which, notwithstanding, until some one 
points out the fact to us, we probably never think of 
putting them in any relation. (3) And yet with how 
lively an interest shall we discover words to be of closest 
kin, which we had never considered till now r , but as entire 
strangers to one another ; what a real increase will it be 
in our acquaintance with, and mastery of, English to be- 
come aware of such relationship. 

(4) Thus "heaven" is only the perfect of " to heave;" 
and is so called because it is "heaved," or "heaven" up, 
being properly the sky as it is raised aloft ; the " smith " 
has his name from the sturdy blow T s that he " smites " 
upon the anvil ; " wrong " is the perfect participle of " to 
wring ; " that which one has " wrung " or wrested from 
the right; just as, in French, " tort " from " torqueo," is 
that ^which is twisted; "guilt "of "to guile" or " be- 
guile ;" to find "guilt" in a man is to find that he has 
been "beguiled,'\that is by the devil, " instigante diabolo," 
as it is inserted in all indictments for murder, the forms 
of which have come down to us from a time when men 
were not ashamed of tracing evil to his inspiration. 

(5) The " brunt " of the battle is the " heat " of the 
battle, where it " burns " the most fiercely. (6) " Haft," as 



104 A T>RILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

anions commentators. (34) They flourished in times full 
of spirit and lustihood, when men enjoyed life roughly, 
but heartily and vigorously ; times wild and picturesque, 
which have furnished poetry with its richest materials, 
and the drama with its most attractive variety of char- 
acters and manners. (35) The world has become more 
worldly. (36) There is more of dissipation, and less of 
enjoyment. (37) Pleasure has expanded into a broader, 
but a shallower stream ; and has forsaken many of those 
deep and quiet channels where it flowed F sweetly through 
the calm bosom of domestic life. (38) Society has ac- 
quired a more enlightened and elegant tone ; but it has 
lost many of its strong local peculiarities, its home-bred 
feelings, its honest fireside delights. (39) The traditionary 
customs of golden-hearted antiquity, its feudal hospitalities, 
and lordly wassailings, have passed away with the baronial 
castles and stately manor-houses in which they were cele- 
brated. (40) They comported with the shadowy hall, the 
great oaken gallery, and the tapestried parlor, but are 
unfitted to the light showy saloons and gay drawing-rooms 
of the modern villa. 

(41) Shorn, however, as it is, of its .ancient and festive 
honors, Christmas is still a period of delightful excitement 
in England. (42) It is gratifying to see that home feeling 
completely aroused which holds so powerful a place in 
every English bosom. (43) The preparation making on 
every side for the social board that is again to unite 
friends and kindred; the presents of good cheer passing 
and repassing, those tokens of regard, and quickness of 
kind feeling ; the evergreens distributed about houses and 
churches, emblems of peace and gladness ; all these have 
the most pleasing effect in producing fond associations, 
and kindling benevolent sympathies. (44) Even the 
sound of the Waits, rude as may be their minstrelsy, 
breaks upon the mid-watches of a winter night with the 
effect of perfect harmony. (45) As I have been awakened 
by them in that still and solemn hour, " when deep sleep 
falleth upon man," I have listened with a hushed delight, 
and, connecting them with the sacred and joyous occasion, 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. ^ Q5 

have almost fancied them into another celestial choir, 
announcing peace and good-will to mankind. 

(46) How delightfully the imagination, when wrought 
upon by these moral influences, turns everything to mel- 
lody and beauty ! (47) The very crowing of the cock, 
heard sometimes in the profound repose of the country, 
u telling the night watches to his feathery dames," was 
thought by the common people to announce the approach 
of this sacred festival. 

(48) Some say that ever 'gainst that season comes 
Wherein our Saviour's birth is celebrated, 

This bird of dawning singeth all night long ; 
And then, they say, no spirit dares stir abroad ; 
The nights are wholesome — then no planets strike, 
Xo fairy takes, no witch hath power to charm, 
So hallow'd and so gracious is the time." 

(49) Amidst the general call to happiness, the bustle of 
the spirits, and the stir of the affections, which prevail at 
this period, what bosom can remain insensible ? (50) It is 
indeed the season of regenerated feeling — the season for 
kindling not merely the fire of hospitality in the hall but 
the genial flame of charity in the heart. 

(51) The scene of early love again rises green to 
memory beyond the sterile waste of years ; and the idea 
of home, fraught with the fragrance of home-dwelling 
joys, reanimates the spirit; as the Arabian breeze will 
sometimes waft the freshness of the distant fields to the 
weary pilgrim of the desert. 

(52) Stranger and sojourner as I am in the land — 
though for me no social hearth may blaze, no hospitable 
roof throw open its doors, nor the warm grasp of friend- 
ship welcome me at the threshold — yet I feel the influence 
of the season beaming into my soul from the happy looks 
of those around me. (53) Surely happiness is reflective, 
like the light of heaven ; and every countenance bright 
with smiles, and glowing with innocent enjoyment, is a 
mirror transmitting to others the rays of a supreme and 



HO A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

enumerated the various infriDgements of American rights, 
proposed non-importation, and, if necessary, non-expor- 
tation, as a means of temporary resistance, urged the 
appointment of a congress of deputies from all the 
colonies, and recommended that that congress should 
conjure the king " not to reduce his faithful subjects to 
a state of desperation, and to reflect, that from their 
sovereign there could be but one appeal." (22) As to 
the farther importation of slaves, their words were : " We 
take this opportunity of declaring our most earnest wishes 
to see an entire stop forever put to such a wicked, cruel, 
and unnatural trade." (23) These resolves which ex- 
pressed the " sense of the people of Fairfax county," 
were ordered to be presented to the first convention of 
Virginia. (24) " We are not contending against paying 
a duty of threepence per pound on tea as burthensome," 
said Washington ; " No ; it is the right only, that we 
have all along disputed." 

(25) Beyond the Blue Ridge, the hardy emigrants on 
the banks of the Shenandoah, many of them Germans, 
met at Woodstock, and with Muhlenberg, then a clergy- 
man, soon to be a military chief, devoted themselves to 
the cause of liberty. (26) Higher up the Valley of Vir- 
ginia, where the plow already vied with the rifle, and the 
hardy hunters, not always ranging the hills with their dogs 
for game, had also begun to till the soil, the summer of 
that year ripened the wheat-fields of the pioneers, not for 
themselves alone. (27) When the sheaves had been 
harvested, and the corn threshed and ground in a country 
as yet poorly provided with barns or mills, the backwoods- 
men of Augusta county, without any pass through the 
mountains that could be called a road, noiselessly and 
modestly delivered at Frederick, one hundred and thirty- 
seven barrels of flour, as their remittance to Boston. (28) 
Cheered by the universal sympathy, the inhabitants of 
that town were determined to hold out and appeal to the 
justice of the colonies and of the world:" trusting in 
God that " these things should be overruled for the estab- 
lishment of liberty, virtue and happiness in America."^ 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



OLD CHINA. 



Ill 



(I) I have an almost feminine partiality for old china. 
(2) When I go to see any great house, I inquire for the 
china-closet, and next for the picture-gallery. (3) I can- 
not defend the order of the preference, but by saying, 
that we have all some taste or other, of too ancient a date 
to admit of our remembering distinctly that it was an 
acquired one. (4) I can call to mind the first play and 
the first exhibition that I was taken to; but I am not 
conscious of a time when china jars and saucers were 
introduced into my imagination. 

(5) I had no repugnance then — why should I now 
have ? — to those little, lawless, azure-tinctured grotesques, 
that under the notion of men and women float about 
uncircumscribed by any element, in that world before 
perspective — a china tea cup. 

(6) 1 like to see my old friends — whom distance cannot 
diminish — figuring up in the air, (so they appear to our 
optics,) yet on terra firma still — for so we must in 
courtesy interpret that speck of deeper blue — which the 
decorous artist, to prevent absurdity, has made to spring 
up beneath their sandals. 

(7) I love the men with woman's faces, and the women, 
if possible, with still more womanish expressions. 

(8) Here is a young and courtly mandarin, handing 
tea to a lady from a salver — two miles off. (9) See how 
distance seems to set off respect ! (10) And here the 
same lady, or another — for likeness is identity on tea cups 
— is stepping into a little fairy boat, moored on the hither 
side of this calm garden river, with a dainty, mincing 
foot, which is a right angle of incidence (as angles go in 
our world) must infallibly land her in the midst of a 
flowery mead — a furlong off on the other side of the 
same strange stream ! 

(II) Farther on — if far or near can be predicated of 
their world — see horses, trees, pagodas, dancing the hays. 
(12) Here — a cow and rabbit couchant, and co-extensive, 



108 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

Fear, that reigns with the tyrant, and envy, the vice of 

republics. 
Neither locks had they to their doors, nor bars to their 

windows ; 
But their dwellings were open as day and the hearts of 

their owners ; 
There, the richest was poor, and the poorest lived in 

abundance. 



BOSTON MINISTERED TO BY THE CONTI- 
NENT. 

(1) " I have just seen the governor of Massachusetts," 
wrote the king to Lord North, at the end of their inter- 
view, " and I am now well convinced the province will 
soon submit," and he gloried in the efficacy of his favorite 
measure, the Boston port-act. (2) But as soon as the . 
true character of that act became known in America, 
every colony, every city, every village, and, as it were, 
the inmates of even 7 farm-house, felt it as a wound of 
their affections. (3) The towns of Massachusetts abounded 
in kind offices. (4) The Colonies vied with each other in 
liberality. (5) The record kept at Boston shows that 
" the patriotic and generous people " of South Carolina 
were the first to minister to the sufferers, sending, early 
in June, two hundred barrels of rice, and promising eight 
hundred more. (6) At Wilmington, North Carolina, the 
sum of two thousand pounds currency was raised in a few- 
days ; the women of the place gave liberally ; Parker 
Quince offered his vessel to carry a load of provisions 
freight free, and master and mariners volunteered to navi- 
gate her without wages. (7) Lord North had called the 
American union a rope of sand ; " it is a rope of sand 
that will hang him," said the people of Wilmington. 

(8) Hartford was the first place in Connecticut to 
pledge its assistance ; but the earliest donation received, 
was two hundred and fifty-eight sheep from Windham. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. IQC) 

(9) " The taking away of civil liberty will involve the 
ruin of religious liberty also," wrote the ministers of Con- 
necticut to the ministers of Boston, cheering them to bear 
their heavy load " with vigorous fortitude and resolution." 

(10) " While we complain to Heaven and earth of the 
cruel oppression we are under, we ascribe righteousness 
to God," w T as the answer. (11) " The surprising union 
of the colonies affords encouragement. (12) It is an in- 
exhaustible source of comfort that the Lord God omnipo- 
tent reigneth." 

(18) The small parish of Brooklyn, in Connecticut, 
through their Committee, of which Israel Putnam was a 
member, opened a correspondence with Boston. (14) 
" Your zeal in favor of liberty," they said, " has gained 
a name that shall perish but with the glorious constel- 
lations of heaven ; " and they made an offering of flocks 
of sheep and lambs. (15) Throughout New T England 
the towns sent rye, flour, peas, cattle, sheep, oil, fish ; 
whatever land or sea could furnish, and sometimes gifts 
of* money. (16) The French inhabitants of Quebec, join- 
ing with those of English origin, shipped a thousand and 
forty bushels of wheat. 

(17) Delaware was so much in earnest, that it devised 
plans for sending relief annually. (18) A special chronicle 
could hardly enumerate all the generous deeds. (19) 
Maryland and Yirginia contributed liberally ; being re- 
solved that the men of Boston, who w T ere deprived of 
their daily labor, should not lose their daily bread, nor be 
compelled to change their residence for want. (20) Wash- 
ington headed a subscription paper with a gift of fifty 
pounds; and he presided at a convention of Fairfax 
county, where twenty-four very comprehensive resolutions, 
which had been drafted by George Mason, and carefully 
revised and corrected by a committee, were, with but one 
dissentient voice, adopted by the freeholders and inhabit- 
ants. (21) They derived the settlement of Virginia from 
a solemn compact with the crown, conceded no right of 
legislation to the British parliament, acknowledged only 
a conditional acquiescence in the acts of navigation, 



lQg A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

ever-shining benevolence. (54) He who can tarn churl- 
ishly away from contemplating the felicity of his fellow- 
beings, and can sit down darkling and repining in his 
loneliness when all around is joyful, may have his moments 
of strong excitement and selfish gratifications, but he 
wants the genial and social sympathies which constitute 
the charm of a merry Christmas. 



THE VILLAGE OF GRAND PRE. 

In the Acadian land, on the shores of the Basin of Minas, 
Distant, secluded, still, the little village of Grand Pre 
Lay in the fruitful valley. Vast meadows stretched to 

the eastward, 
Giving the village its name, and pasture to flocks without 

number. 
Dikes, that the hands of the farmers had raised, with 

labor incessant, 
Shut out the turbulent tides ; but at stated seasons the 

flood-gates 
Opened, and welcomed the sea to wander at will o'er the 

meadows. 
West and south, there were fields of flax, and orchards 

and cornfields 
Spreading afar and unfenced o'er the plain ; and away to 

the northward 
Blomidon rose, and the forests old, and aloft on the 

mountains 
Sea-fogs pitched their tents, and mists from the mighty 

Atlantic 
Looked on the happy valley, but ne'er from their station 

descended. 
There, in the midst of its farms, reposed the Acadian 

village. 
Strongly built were the houses, with frames of oak and 

of chestnut, 
Such as the peasants of Normandy built in the reign of 

the Henries. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 197 

Thatched were the roofs, with dormer-windows; and 

gables projecting 
Over the basement below, protected and shaded the 

door-way. 
There, in the tranquil evenings of summer, when brightly 

the sunset 
Lighted the village street, and gilded the vanes on the 

chimneys, 
Matrons and maidens sat, in snow-white caps, and in 

kirtles, 
Scarlet and blue and green, with distaffs spinning the 

golden 
Flax for the gossiping looms, whose noisy shuttles within 

doors 
Mingled their sound with the whir of the wheels and the 

songs of the maidens. 
Solemnly down the street came the parish priest, and the 

children 
Paused in their play to kiss the hand he extended to bless 

them. 
Reverend walked he among them ; and up rose matrons 

and maidens, 
Hailing his slow approach with words of affectionate 

welcome. 
Then came the laborers home from the field, and serenely 

the sun sank 
Down to his rest, and twilight prevailed. Anon from 

the belfry, 
Softly the Angelus sounded, and over the roofs of the 

village 
Columns of pale blue smoke, like ^clouds of incense 

ascending, 
Rose from a hundred hearths, the homes of peace and 

contentment. 
Thus dwelt together, in love, these simple Acadian 

farmers, — 
Dwelt in the love of God and of man. Alike were they 

free from 



112 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

so objects show, seen through the lucid atmosphere of 
tine Cathay. 

(13) I was pointing out to my cousin last evening, over 
our Hyson (which we are old-fashioned enough to drink 
unmixed still of an afternoon), some of these sjpeciosa 
miracula upon a set of extraordinary old blue china (a 
recent purchase) which we were now for the first time 
using ; and could not help remarking how favorable cir- 
cumstances had been to us of late years, that we could 
afford to please the eye sometimes with trifles of this sort 
when a passing sentiment seemed to overshade the brows 
of my companion. (14) I am quick at detecting these 
summer clouds in Bridget. 

(15) " I wish the good old times would come again," 
she said, " when we were not quite so rich. (16) I do 
not mean that I w r ant to be poor ; but there was a middle 
state" — so she was pleased to ramble on — " in which I 
am sure we were a great deal happier. (17) A purchase 
is but a purchase, now that you have money enough and 
to spare. (18) Formerly it used to be a triumph. (19) 
When we coveted a cheap luxury (and, oh ! how much 
ado I had to get you to consent in those times ! ) we were 
used to have a debate two or three days before, and to 
weigh the for and against, and think what we might 
sparfe it out of, and what saving we could hit upon, that 
should be an equivalent. (20) A thing was worth buy- 
ing then, when we felt the money that we paid for it. 

(21) "Do you remember the brown suit which you 
made to hang upon you till all your friends cried shame 
upon you, it grew so threadbare — and all because of that 
folio Beaumont and Fletcher, which you dragged home 
late at night from Barker's in Covent Garden % (22) Do 
y<5u remember how we eyed it for weeks before we could 
make up our minds to the purchase, and had not come to 
a determination till it was near ten o'clock of the Satur- 
day night, when you set off from Islington, fearing you 
should be too late — and when the old bookseller, with 
some grumbling, opened his shop, and by the twinkling 
taper (for he was getting bedward) lighted out the relic 



fiLfitfEtfTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. j[jg 

from his dusty treasures — and when you lugged it home, 
wishing it were twice as cumbersome — and when you 
presented it to me — and when we were exploring the 
perfectness of it (collating you called it) — and w T hile 1 
was repairing some of the loose leaves with paste, which 
your impatience would not suffer to be left till day-break 
— -was there no pleasure in being a poor man 2 or can 
those neat black clothes which you wear now, and are so 
careful to keep brushed, since w T e have become rich and 
finical, give you half the honest vanity with which you 
flaunted it about in that over-worn suit — your old corbeau 
—for four or five weeks longer than you should have done, 
to pacify your conscience for the mighty sum of fifteen — 
or sixteen shillings was it ? — a great affair we thought it 
then — which you had lavished on the old folio. (23) 
Now you can afford to buy any book that pleases you, 
but I do not see that you ever bring me home any nice 
old purchase now. 

(24) " When you came home with twenty apologies 
for laying out a less number of shillings upon that print 
after Leonardo, which we christened the ' Lady Blanch ;' 
when you looked at the purchase, and thought of the 
money — and thought of the money, and looked again at 
the picture — was there no pleasure in being a poor man \ 
(25) Now, you have nothing to do but to walk into Gol- 
naghi's and buy a wilderness of Leonardos. (26) Yet 
do you ? 

(27) Then do you remember our pleasant walks to 
Enfield, and Potter's Bar, and Waltham, when we had a 
holiday — holidays, and all other fun, are gone, now we 
are rich — and the little hand-basket in which I used to 
deposit our day's fare of savory cold lamb and salad — 
and how you would pry about at noontide for some decent 
house, where w r e might go in, and produce our store — 
only paying for the ale that you must call for— and 
speculate upon the looks of the landlady, and whether 
she was likely to allow us a table-cloth — and wish for 
such another honest hostess as Izaak Walton has described 
many a one on the pleasant banks of the Lea, when he 
8 



H4 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

went a fishing — and sometimes tliey would prove obliging 
enough, and sometimes they would look grudgingly upon 
us — but we had cheerful looks still for one another, and 
would eat our plain food savorily, scarcely grudging 
Piscator his Trout Hall ? (28) Now — when we go out a 
day's pleasuring, which is seldom moreover, we ride part 
of the way — and go into a fine inn, and order the best of 
dinners, never debating the expense — which, after all, 
never has half the relish of those chance country snaps, 
when we were at the mercy of uncertain usage and a pre- 
carious welcome. 

(29) "You are too proud to see a play anywhere now 
but in the pit. (30) Do you remember where it was we 
used to sit when we saw the Battle of Hexham, and the 
Surrender of Calais, and Bannister and Mrs. Bland in 
the Children of the Wood — when we squeezed out our 
shillings apiece to sit three or four times in a season in 
the one-shilling gallery — where you felt all the time that 
you ought not to have brought me— and more strongly I 
felt obligation to you for having brought me — and the 
pleasure was the better for a little shame— and when the 
curtain drew up what cared we for our place in the house, 
or what mattered it where we were sitting, when our 
thoughts were with Rosalind in Arden, or with Viola at 
the court of Illyria? (31) You used to say that the 
gallery was the best place of all for enjoying a play 
socially — that the relish of such exhibitions must be in 
proportion to the infrequency of going — that the com- 
pany we met there, not being in general readers of plays, 
were obliged to attend the more, and did attend to what 
was going on, on the stage — because a word lost would 
have been a chasm which it was impossible for them to 
fill up. (32) With such reflections we consoled our pride 
then, — and I appeal to you whether, as a woman, I met 
generally with less attention and accommodation than I 
have done since in more expensive situations in the house ? 
(33) The getting in indeed, and the crowding up those 
inconvenient staircases, was bad enough — -but there was 
still a law of civility to women recognized to quite as 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. J^g 

great an extent as we ever found in the other passages — 
and how a little difficulty overcome heightened the snug 
seat and the play afterward ! (34) Now we can only pay 
our money, and w T alk in. (35) You cannot see, you say, 
in the galleries now. (36) I am sure w r e saw, and heard, 
too, well enough then — but sight, and all, I think, is gone 
with our poverty. 

(37) " There w r as pleasure in eating strawberries before 
they became quite common — in the first dish of peas, 
while they were yet dear — to have them for a nice supper, 
a treat. (38) What treat can we have now ? (39) If we 
were to treat ourselves now — that is, to have daintiest 
little above our means, it would be selfish and wicked. 
(40) It is the very little more that we allow ourselves 
beyond what the actual poor can get at, that makes what 
I call a treat — when two people living together, as we 
have done, now and then indulge themselves in a cheap 
luxury, which both like ; w r hile each apologizes, and is 
willing to take both halves of the blame to his single 
share. (41) I see no harm in people making much of 
themselves in that sense of the word. (42) It may give 
them a hint how to make much of others. (43) But now — 
what I mean by the word — we never do make much of 
ourselves. (44) None but the poor can do it. (45) I do 
not mean the veriest poor of all, but persons as we were, 
just above poverty. 

(46) " I know what you were going to say, that it is 
mighty pleasant at the end of a year to make all meet — 
and much ado we used to have every thirty-first night of 
December to account for our exceedings — many a long 
face did you make over your puzzled accounts, and in 
contriving to make it out how we had spent so much — or 
that we had not spent so much — or that it was impossible 
that we should spend so much next year — and still we 
found our slender capital decreasing — but then, between 
ways, and projects, and compromises of one sort or 
another, and talking of curtailing this charge, and doing 
without that for the future, and the hope that youth brings, 
and laughing spirits, (in which you were never poor till 



Hg A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

now,) we pocketed up our loss, and in conclusion, with 
' lusty brimmers,' (as you used to quote it out of hearty, 
cheerful Mr. Cotton, as you called liim,) we used to 
welcome in the 'coming guest.' (47) Now we have no 
reckoning at all at the end of the old year — no nattering 
promises about the new year doing better for us." 

(48) Bridget is so sparing of her speech on most occa- 
sions, that when she gets into a rhetorical vein, I am 
careful how I interrupt it. (49) I could not help, however, 
smiling at the phantom of wealth which her dear imagi- 
nation had conjured up out of a clear income of poor — 
hundred pounds a year. (50) "It is true we were happier 
when we were poorer, but we were also younger, my 
cousin. (51) I am afraid we must put up with the excess, 
for if we were to shake the superflux into the sea, we 
should not much mend ourselves. (52) That we had 
much to struggle with, as we grew up together, we have 
reason to be most thankful. (53) It strengthened and 
knit our compact closer. (54) We could never have been 
what we have been to each other if we had always had 
the sufficiency which you now complain of. (55) The 
resisting power — those natural dilations of the youthful 
spirit, which circumstances cannot straiten — with us are 
long since passed away. (56) Competence to age is sup- 
plementary youth, a sorry supplement indeed, but I fear 
the best that is to be had. (57) We must ride, where we 
formerly walked ; live better and lie softer — and shall be 
wise to do so — than we had means to do in those good 
old days you speak of. (58) Yet could those days return 
— could you and I once more walk our thirty miles a day 
— could Bannister and Mrs. Bland again be young, and 
you and I be young to see them — could the good old one- 
shilling gallery days return — they are dreams, my cousin, 
now, — but could you and I at this moment, instead of this 
quiet argument by our well-carpeted fireside, sitting on 
this luxurious sofa, be once more struggling up those 
inconvenient staircases, pushed about and squeezed, and 
elbowed by the poorest rabble of poor gallery scramblers 
— could 1 once more hear those anxious shrieks of your3 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. H7 

— arid the delicious Thank God, we are safe, which 
always followed when the topmost stair, conquered, let in 
the first light of the whole cheerful theater down beneath 
us, I know not the fathom line that ever touched a descent 
so deep as I would be willing to bury more w r ealth in than 
Croesus had, or the great Jew R— — is supposed to have, 
to purchase it. (59) And now do just look at that merry 
little Chinese waiter holding an umbrella, big enough for 
a bed-tester, over the head of that pretty, insipid, half- 
Madonaish chit of a lady in that very blue summer 
house." 



THE SKY. 

(1) It is a strange thing how little in general people 
know about the sky. (2) It is the part of creation in 
which nature has done more for the sake of pleasing man, 
more for the sole and evident purpose of talking to him 
and teaching him, than in any other of her works, and it 
is just the part in which we least attend to her. (3) 
There are not many of her other w^orks in which some 
more material or essential purpose than the mere pleasing 
of man, is not answered by every part of her organization ; 
but every esential purpose of the sky might, so far as we 
know, be answered, if once in three days or thereabouts, 
a great ugly black rain cloud were brought up over the 
blue, and everything well watered, and so all left blue 
again till next time, with perhaps a film of morning and 
evening mist for dew. (4) And instead of this, there is 
not a moment of any day of our lives, when nature is not 
producing scene after scene, picture after picture, glory 
after glory, and working still upon such exquisite and 
constant principles of the most perfect beauty, that it is 
quite certain it is all done for us, and intended for our 
perpetual pleasure. (5) And every man, wherever placed, 
however far from other sources of interest or of beauty, 
has this doing for him constantly. (6) The noblest scenes 
of earth can be seen and known but by few ; it is not 
intended that man should live always in the midst of 



118 A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN TEE 






them, he injures them by his presence, he ceases to feel 
them if he be always with them : but the sky is for all ; 
bright as it is, it is not " too bright nor good for human 
nature's daily food;" it is fitted in all its functions for the 
perpetual comfort and exalting of the heart, for the sooth- 
ing it and purifying it from its dross and dust. 

(7) Sometimes gentle, sometimes capricious, sometimes 
awful, never the same for two moments together ; almost 
human in its passions, almost spiritual in its tenderness, 
almost divine in its infinity, its appeal to what is immortal 
in us, is as distinct as its ministry of chastisement or of 
blessing to w T hat is mortal is essential, (8) And yet we 
never attend to it, we never make it a subject of thought, 
but as it has to do with our animal sensations : we look 
upon all by which it speaks to us more clearly than to 
brutes, upon all wilich bears witness to the intention of 
the Supreme, that we are to receive more from the cover- 
ing vault than the light and the dew w T hich we share with 
the weed and worm, only as a succession of meaningless 
and monotonous accident, too common and too vain to be 
worthy of a moment of watchfulness, or a glance of 
admiration. 

(9) If in our moments of utter idleness and insipidity 
we turn to the sky as a last resource, w r hich of its phe- 
nomena do we speak of? (10) One says it has been wet, 
and another it has been windy, and another it has been 
warm. (11) Who among the whole chattering crow T d, 
can tell me of the forms and precipices of the chain of 
tall, white mountains that girded the horizon at noon 
yesterday? (12) Who saw the narrow sunbeam that came 
out of the south and smote upon their summits until they 
melted and mouldered away in a dust of blue rain ? (13) 
Who saw the dance of the dead clouds when the sunlight 
left them last night, and the west wind blew them before 
it like withered leaves ? (14) All has passed unregretted 
as unseen ; or, if the apathy be ever shaken off, even for 
an instant, it is only by what is gross, or what is extra- 
ordinary ; and yet it is not in the broad and fierce mani- 
festations of the elemental energies, not in the clash of 



ELEMENTS OF TEE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. j^g 

the hail, nor the drift of the whirlwind, that the highest 
characters of the sublime are developed. (15) God is 
not in the earthquake, nor in the lire, but in the still 
small voice. (16) They are but the blunt and low faculties 
of our nature, which can only be addressed through lamp- 
black and lightning. (16) It is in quiet and subdued 
passages of unobtrusive majesty, the deep, and the calm, 
and the perpetual, — that which must be sought ere it is 
seen, and loved ere it is understood, — things which the 
angels work out for us daily, and yet vary eternally, which 
are never wanting, and never repeated, which are to he 
found always, yet each found but once ; it is through these 
that the lessson of devotion is chiefly taught, and the 
blessing of beauty given. (18) These are what the artist 
of highest aim must study; it is these, by the combination 
of which his ideal is to be created ; these of which so 
little notice is ordinarily taken by common observers, that 
I fully believe, little as people in general are concerned 
with art, more of their ideas of sky are derived from 
pictures than from reality, and that if we could examine 
the conception formed in the minds of most educated 
persons when W8 talk of clouds, it would frequently be 
found composed of fragments of blue and white reminis- 
cences of the old masters. 

(19) "The chasm above my head 
Is Heaven's profoundest azure. (20) No domain 
For fickle, short-lived clouds, to occupy, 
Or to pass through ; but rather an abyss 
In which the everlasting stars abide, 

And whose soft gloom, and boundless depth, might tempt 
The curious eye to look for them by day." 

(21) And in his American Notes, I remember Dickens 
notices the same truth, describing himself as lying drowsily 
on the barge deck, looking not at, but through the sky. 
(22) And if you look intensely at the pure blue of a serene 
sky, you will see that there is a variety and fulness in its 
very repose. (23) It is not flat dead color, but a deep, 
quivering, transparent body of penetrable air, in which 



|20 A DMLL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

you trace or imagine short, falling spots of deceiving light, 
and dim shades, faint, veiled vestiges of dark vapor. 

(24) It seems to me that in the midst of the material 
nearness of the heavens, God means us to acknowledge, 
His own immediate presence as visiting, judging and 
blessing us. (25) " The earth shook, the heavens also 
dropped, at the presence of God." (26) "He doth set 
his bow in the cloud," and thus renews, in the sound of 
every drooping swathe of rain, his promises of everlasting 
love. (27) " In them hath he set a tabernacle for the 
sun ; " whose burning ball, which without the firmament 
would be seen as an intolerable and scorching circle in the 
blackness of vacuity, is by that firmament surrounded with 
gorgeous service, and tempered by mediatorial ministries ; 
by the firmament of clouds, the golden pavement is spread 
for his chariot wheels at morning ; by the firmament of 
clouds the temple is built for his presence to fill with light 
at noon ; by the firmament of clouds the purple veil is 
closed at evening round the sanctuary of his rest ; by the 
mists of the firmament his implacable light is divided, 
and its separated fierceness appeased into the soft blue 
that fills the depth of distance with its bloom, and the 
flush with which the mountains burn as they drink the 
overflowing of the day spring. (28) And in this taber- 
nacling of the unendurable sun with men, through the 
shadows of the firmament, God would seem to set Torth 
the stooping of His own majesty to men, upon the throne 
of the firmament. (29) As the Creator of all the worlds, 
and the Inhabiter of eternity, we cannot behold Him; 
but as the Judge of the earth and the Preserver of men, 
those heavens are indeed His dwelling place. (30) " Swear 
not, neither by heaven, for it is God's throne, nor by the 
earth, for it is his footstool." (31) And all those passings 
to and fro of fruitful shower and grateful shade, and all 
those visions of silver palaces built about the horizon, and 
voices of moaning winds and threatening thunders, and 
glories of colored robe and. cloven ray, are but to deepen 
in our hearts the acceptance, and distinctness, and dearness 
of the simple words, "Our Father which art in heaven." 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



121 



ROOTS OF ENGLISH WORDS 



WITH THEIli 



Meanings and Most Common Prefixes. 



The Roots herein given have been gathered from the 
Selections contained in the book, and from a few 

GRAMMATICAL TERMS IN COMMON USE. 

Let the Boots be learned as they occur in the Selections used. 



Aph 

Ui 

Syn 



Amb 

Co 

Counter 

En 

Ex 

In 

Over 

Pro 

Ke 

Trans 

Under 



A po 

Para 
Syn 



1 


1 


aeresis, 


Co 


eresis, 


Ex 


to take with 


In 


the hand, 




a taking. 




2 




a g> 




act, 




agit, 




agitat, 


Ab 


agul, 


Ad 


agulat, 


In 


amen, 


Sub 


amenat, 


[In 


1°". 




or. 




to put in 




motion, to 




do. 




3 




ag, 


En 


agog, 


Para 


to lead, a 




leading. 





4 

al, 




alt, 




alesc, 


En 


haut, 


In 


h aught, 


Un 


to nourish. 




to grow, . 




high. 




5 




ali, 


Ante 


alien, 


Circum 


alienat, 


De 


alter, 


Ob 


alterat, 


Per 


altera. 


Pre 


altera at, 


Re 


ulter, 




alterat, 




other. 


Ev=eu 







allax, 




allact, 




allag, 




to change, 





a change. 

7 
am, 
amat, 
em, 
im, 
m, 
to love. 

8 

ambul, 
ambulat, 
ambl, 
to walk. 



9 

angel, 
a messen- 
ger. 

10 
anger, 
angu, 



122 



A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 





anxi, 




16 




24 




pain. 


An 


arch, 


Ab 


ant, 




■ 


Mon 


to lead. 


Adv 


anc, 




11 


Tetra 




Av 


antiqu, 


Dis 


anim, 






V , 


before. 


Ex 


animat, 




17 






In 


life. 




ard, 




25 


Re 






ars, 


Amphi 


ball, 








to burn. 


Dia 


bol, 




12 






Em 


blem, 


Bi 


arm, 




18 


Hyper 


blemat, 


Cent 


emn, 




ardu, 


Meta 


bi, 


Dec ' 


enn, 




steep. 


Para 


to throw. 


Mill 


a year. 






Pro 




Oct 






19 


Sym 




Per 




Dis 


arm, 






Quadr 




Fore 


a weapon. 




26 


Quinqu 




Un 




A 


band, 


Semi 










ban 


Sept 






20 




an inter 


Sex 




De 


art, 




diction. 


Super 




Ex 


a little 






Tri 




In 


joint. 


De 


27 

bare, 




13 




21 


Era 


bark, 




aper, 


In 


aud, 




barqu, 




aperit, 


Ob 


audit, 




barg, 




apert, 




ed, 




a small 




apr, 




ey> 


1 


boat. 




to open. 




to hear. 








14 








28 


Ad 


apt, 




22 


A 


basj 


Co 


apt at, 


Un 


aug, 


De 


bat, 


In 


ept r 


, 


auct, 


Em 


to step. 


Un 


to fit. 
15 




auth, 

to increase 


Hyper 


29 


In 


ar, 






A 


bat, 


Un 


art. 




23 


De 


beat, 




ert, 


In 


augur, 


Com 


to strike. 




ear, 




augurat, 


Em 






to plovj. 




a diviner. 


Re 





ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



123 



30 
bear, 
bor, 
bir, 
to carry. 

31 
bell, 
beau, 
handsome. 



32 



bell, 
bel, 
vel, 
war. 



bi, 

bin, 

two by two. 

34 
bib, 
bibit, 
bu, 
to drink. 

35 
bon,* 
boun, 
boon, 
good. 

36 
brach, 
brae, 
an arm, 

37 

brev, 
briey, 
brief, 



Ac 

Circum 

Con 

De 

Ex 

In 

Inter 

Oc 

Pre 

Re 



Ante 



Ac 

De 

Des=dis 

En 

In 

pre 

|Re 

Sub 



briclg, . 




43 


short. 




can, 
chan, 


38 




ken, 


bur, 




a reed. 


bor, 






boor, 




44 


bower, 


Ac 


cand, 


a dwelling. 


Ex 


cend, 




In 


cens, 


39 




cent, 


byss, 




to glow. 


bys, 






the bottom. 




45 




Ac 


cap, 


40 


Anti 


capt, 


cad, 


Con 


cept, 


cas, 


De 


ceptat, 


case, 


Ex 


ceit, 


cid, 


In 


ceiv, 


cay, 


Inter 


cait, 


caes, 


Oc 


chas, 


cis, 


Per 


cip, 


to fall. 


Pre 


cipat, 




Prin 


cup, 




Pur 


cupat, 




Re 


to take. 


41 


Sub 




earner, 




46 


chamber, 




caper, 


a room. 




capr, 
a goat. 


42 




47 


can, 




capit, 


cant, 


Ac 


capt, 


can tat, 


Bi 


cipit, 


cent, 


De 


ciput, 


centuat, 


Oc 


cip, 


chant, 


Pre 


ceps. 


charm, 


Re 


chief, 


cinat, 




chiev, 


to sing. 




the head. 



124 



A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 



48 


Pro 






62 


car, 


Re 




En 


charit, 


char, 


Sue 




Un 


charist, 


a wagon. 




55 




favor. 


49 




celebr, 






car, 




celebrat, 




63 


cher, 




famous. 




chol, 


dear. 




56 




gall. 


50 


Sub 


celest, 






caud, 


Super 


heavenly. 




64 


caudat, 






Ante 


christ, 


cue, 




57 


Un 


anointed. 


queue, 


Ex 


cell, 






a tail. 




eel, 




. G5 






eels, 


Ana 


chron, 


51 




to impel. 


Anti 


time. 


cans, 


• 




Iso 




causat, 




58 


Meta 




cus, 


Con 


centr, 


Syn 




cusat, 


Ec 


centra t, 






a reason. 


Para 


the middle. 


Pre 


66 
cing, 


52 




59 


Sue 


cinct, 


cav, 


In 


cer, 


Sur 


to gird. 


caul, 


Sine 


cerat, 






to beware. 




wax, 


En 


67 
circ, 


53 




60 


In 


a ring. 


ceal, 


As 


cern, 


Semi 




to hide. 


Con 


cret, 








De 


creet, 




68 


54 


Dis 


crim, 


Con 


cit, 


ced, 


Ex 


crimin, 


Ex 


citat, 


cess, 


In 


criminat, 


In 


to put into 


ceed, 


Re 


ere, 


Re 


quick mo 


ceas, 


Se 


cert. 




tion. 


to go. 


Un 


to sift out. 




69 






61 


In 


civ, 




Con 


cert, 

to strike. 


Un 


cit. 

a citizen. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



125 



Ac 

De 

Dis 

Ex 

Mis 

Pro 

Re 

De 
Un 



Con 

Dis 

En 

Ex 

In 

Inter 

Oc 

Pre 

Re 

Se 

Un 

In 



Un 



Anti 
De 
Hetro 
In 



70 


|Re 


clam, 




clamat, 




claim, 




to cry out. 




71 


Bis 


clar, 


Con 


clarat, 


De 


clear, 


Re 


bright. 


Un 


72 




claud, 




claus, 




clud, 




clus, 




clos, 




clois, 


Dis 


to shut. 




73 


Ac 


clement, 


Un 


mild. 




74 




cler, 




clerg, 


Be 


clerk, 


Forth 


a lot, 


In 


a priest, 


Out 


a w r iter. 


Over 




Un 


75 


Wei 


clin, 




clinat, 




clit, 


Apo 


clens, 


Syn 



to cause to 




to cut. 


bend. 




83 


16 


Re 


copi, 


cob, 




abundance 


a head. 




84 


77 




copul, 


coct, 




copulat, 


cook, 




coupl, 


cuit, 




cobl, 


to cook. 




a band. 


78 




85 


cod, 


Ac 


cord, 


codic, 


Anti 


cour 


the trunk 


Con 


cor, 


of a tree. 


Dis 

En 


heart. 


79 


Re 




cohort, 




86 


court, 


De 


coron, 


an inclos- 


Un 


coronat y 


ure. 




coroll, 
crown, 


80 




a crown. 


col, 






colon, 




87 


cult, 


Ac 


cost, 


to till. 


Inter 


coast, 
a rib. 


81 






come, 




88 


to 


Ac 


count, 


approach. 


Dis 
Mis 
Re 
Un 


to number, 
89 




Dis 


cover, 


82 


Re 


cur, 


cop, 


Un 


to over- 


comm, 




spread. 



126 



A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN TUB 





90 




96 




102 


Aristo 


crat, 


Apo 


cryph, 


Con 


cuss, 


Auto 


crac, 




crypt, 


Dis 


cu, 


Demo 


to rule. 




to hide. 


Res=re 


quash, 


Theo 






97 
cumul, 


-fex 


to shake. 




91 


Ac 




103 


Con 


creat, 


En 


cumulat, 


Ab 


a, 


In 


to cause to 


In 


cumber, 


Ad 


dat, 


Mis 


be. 




cumbr, 


Ante 


dit, 


Pro 






a heap. 


Con 


don, 


Re 








Par 


donat, 


Un 






98 


Per 


to give. 




92 




cupid, 


Re 




Ac 


cred, 




covet, 


Sur-f-ren 




Con 


credit, 




eager. 


Trans 




Dis 


creed, 










In 


ere, 








104 


Mis 


to trust. 




99 




daz, 


Un 




Ac 


cur, 




to blind by 






In 


curat, 




excess of 




98 


Pro 


car, 




light. 


De 


crep, 


S 


ct, 






In 


crepat, 


Se 


ur, 




105 




crepit, 


Sine 


x, 




de, 




crepitat, 




care, 




div, 




crev, 








(the) 




to rattle. 


Ante 


100 
curr, 




a god. 




94 


Con 


cur, 




106 


Ac 


cresc, 


De 


curs, 


En 


deb, 


Con 


creas, 


Dis 


cour, 


In 


bebit, 


De 


ere, 


Ex 


cours, 


Over 


debt, 


Ex 


cret, 


In 


cor, 


Un 


deav ? 


In 


cru, 


Inter 


to run. 




dev, 


Re 


cruit, 


Oc 






du, 


Super 


to grow. 


Pre 
Re 






to owe. 




95 


Sue 






107 


Dia 


crit, 






De 


dec, 


Hyper 


cris, 




101 


In 


decor, 


Hypo 


to fudge, 




curt, 




decorat, 




a fudge. 




short. 




fit. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



12? 





108 




114 




121 


Pan 


elect, 


Ante 


diluvi, 


Over 


drif, 


Syn+ec 


doch, 


Post 


delug, 


Un 


driv, 




to receive. 




a washing 
away. 




to urge on. 




109 








122 


Con 


dens, 




115 


In 


dub, 




thick. 


In 


doc, 
doct, 


Un 


dubit, 
doubt, 




110 




to teach. 




doubtful. 


Quoti 


di, 










Tri 


diurn, 




116 




123 




journ, 


In 


dom, 


Ab 


due, 




du, 


Un 


domit, 


Ad 


duct, 




a day. 




daunt, 


Circum 


duk, 








to tame. 


Con 


duch, 




Ill 






De 


duit, 


Ab 


die, 






E 


doubt, 


Ad 


diet, 




117 


In 


to lead. 


Bene 


dictat, 


Pre 


dom, 






Contra 


dicat, 




domin, 


Intro 




De 


<% 




dominat, 


Pro 




E 


dit, 




domest, 


JRe 




En 


dg- 




domic, 


Se 




In 


g> 




dam, 


Sub 




Inter 


ch, 




a house. 


Trains) 




Male 


to say. 








124 


Pre 








E 


dulc, 


Prea 






118 


In 


dulg, 


Pro 






dorm, 




dulcor, 




112 




dormit, 




dulcorat, 


Para 


digm, 
digmat, 




to sleep. 




sioeet. 




to show. 




119 




125 






Hetero 


dox, 


En 


dur, 




113 


Ortho 


doxy, 


In 


durat, 


Con 


dign, 


Para 


to think, 


Ob 


hard. 


Dis 


dignat, 




opinion. 






In 


dignit, 








126 




dain, 




120 




<lyn, 




deign, 


Ad 


dress, 




dynam, 




to deem 


Re 


to make 




dynast, 




worthy. 


Un 


straight. 




to be able, 
power. 



128 



A DRILL AND PAUSING BOOK IN TUB 





127 




135 




142 




ear, 


Co 


ere, 


Af 


f, 




er, 


Ex 


ercis, 


Ef 


tat, 




before 


■ 


to shut up. 


In 

Ne 


fant, 
fane, 




128 




136 


Pre 


fac, 


Cata 


ecli, 


Chir=s 


erg, 




tar, 


Re 


a sound. 


En 
Ge 


org, 

UTg, 




to speak. 




129 


3=chir 


work. 




143 


Cath 


edr, 


Syn 




Af 


fac, 


Dodeca 


hedr, 






Bene 


fact, 


Octa 


a seat. 




137 


Counter 


feet, 


Penta 






erem, 


De 


fie, 


Poly 






herm, 


Dif 


ficat, 








alone. 


Ef 


feat, 




130 






In 


feit, 


Ex 


eem, 




138 


Of 


fit, 


Per 


empt, 




err, 


Omni 


feas, 


Pre 


mpt, 




arr, 


Out 


fair, 


Pro 


ans, 




to wander. 


Per 


fash, 


Re 


to buy. 






Pre 


fy, 








139 


Pro 


to make. 




131 


Abs 


ess, 


Re 




All 


egor, 


Co 


ent, 


Suf 




Cat 


egyr, 


Inter 


ence, 


Sur 




Pan 


an assembly 


Non 


ens, 


Un 






to harangue 


Pot(is) 


est, 










Po(tis) 


to be. 




144 






Pre+s 




De 


fall, 




132 


Quint 




In 


fals, 




element, 


Un 






fail, 




a first prin- 




140 




fault, 




ciple. 


In 


estim, 
estimat, 




to deceive, 




133 




esteem, 




145 


Ortho 


ep, 




to value. 


De 


fam, 




a word. 




141 


In 


famat, 
renown. 


Ad 


134 


Co 


ev, 






Co 


equ, 


Prim 


etern, 




146 


In 


equat, 




never end- 




fam, 


Un 


even. 




ing time. 




hunger. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



129 





' 147 


Con 


ford. j 


Con 


farm, 


Un 


famili, 


De 


fort, 


In 


stable. 




the slaves of 


Dif 


Gal.) 








one master 


Ef 


to bear. 


| 


161 






In 




Af 


fix, 




148 


Of 




Ante 


fixed. 


De 


fatig, 


Pre 




Con 




Un 


fatigat, 


Pro 




In 






to weary. 


Re 

Sui 




Inter 
Post, 






149 


Trans 




Pre 




In 


fatu, 






Trans 






fatuat, 




156 


Un 






foolish. 


Ef 


ferv, 
fervesc, 








150 




to boil. 




162 


Dis 


favor, 






'Con 


flag, 


Un 


kind regard 




157 


De 


flagrat, 






Con ' 


less, 


In 


flamra, 




151 


Pro 


to acknowl- 


1 


flam, 


In 


felic, 

happy. 

i 




edge. 
158 i 


■ 


flammat, 
a blaze. 




152 


Con 


fict, 






Ef 


femin, 


De 


ficit, 




163 


Un 


female. 


!Dis 


feign, 


Af 


flat, 






Ef 


feint, 


Con 


a blast. 




153 


|Pre 


faint, 


Dif 




De 


fend, 


Un 


% 


Ef 




Of 


fens, 




figure, 


In 




Un 


fenc, 

fest, 

to keep off. j 


i 


to form. 
159 


Per 
Suf 








Al 


fid, 




164 




154 


Con 


fi, 


Circum 


fleet, 




fer, 


De 


fy, 


De 


flex, 




feroc, 


Dif 


feith, 


In 


to bend, 




fierc, 


In 


to trust. 


Re 






wild. 


Per 

Un 






165 




155 






Af 


flict, 


Af 


fer, 




160 


Con 


to strike. 


Circum 


ferl, 


lAf 


fiiin, 


In 





130 



A BRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 





166 




170 i 


Re 


fulgur. 


Af 


iu ? 


In 


fortuit, 




fulgurat, 


Circum 


9ux,- 


Mis 


fortun, 




to shine. 


Con 


duid 


Un 


fortunat, 






De 


ftuv, 




luck, 




178 


Dif 


[luviat, 






In 


fum, 


Kf 


flow, 




171 


Per 


a smoke. 


In 


to flow. 




fragr, < 


Suf 




Inter 






to emit a 






Pro 






smell. 




179 


He 








De 


funct, 


Semi 






172 


Per 


to busy ones 


Super 




An 


frang, 




self iviih a 






[n 


tract, 




performing. 






Re 


frag, 


i 






167 


Suf 


frail, 






Ex 


Poli, 




fring, 




180 


In 


foliat, 




to break. 


Af 


fund, 


Inter 


foil, 






Circum 


fus, 


Port 


a leaf. 




173 


Con 


found, 


Tie 




Con 


frater, 


Dif 


fut. 






Un 


fratr, 
fratern, 


Ef 
In 


to pour. 




168 




frere, 


Inter 




Con 


form, 




friar, 


Pro 




De 


format, 




a brother. 


Re 




In 


to shape. 






Suf 




Mai 






174 


Trans 




Mis 




De 


fraud, 






Multi 






deceit. 




181 


Per 








Pro 


fund, 


Re 






. 175 


Re 


found, 


Trans 




Un 


fruct, 


Un 


foundat, 


Un 






fruit, 




the bottom. 


Uni 






a product. 




182 




169 




176 




futur, 


Com 


fort, 


Re 


fog. 




about to be. 


De] 


fore, 


Subter 


fugit, 






Ef \ 


fer, 




to flee. 






En] 


strong. 








183 


Per 






177 


En 


gage, 


Un 




Ef 


fulg, 




a pledge. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. \§\ 





184 


Re 


gard, 




guard, 




to protect. 




185 




gast. 




gas, 




ghast, 


. 


ghost, 




breath. 




186 


En 


gaud, 


Over 


joy* 


Re 


joice, 




to be glad. 




187 


Apo 


g e > 


Peri 


earth. 




188 


Con 


g el > 


Re 


gelat, 




geal, 




frost. 




189 


Con 


gen. 


De 


genit, 


En 


gend, 


In 


gn, 


Pre 


gener, 


Prinio 


gene rat, 


Pro 


to beget. 


Re 






190 


Con 


ger, 


Di 


gest, 


E 


jest, 


In 


to carry. 



Re 

Sno- 



Con 



Ag 
Con 



In 
Un 



AlK; 



Ag 

Con 

|De 

Di 

E 

In 

Pro 

JRe 

; Retro 

i Trans 

I Under 

Ana 

A])o 

Dia 

En 

Epi 

M.eta 

Mono 



191 
glac, 
glaciat, 

ice. 

192 

glomer, 
glgmerat, 
a ball. 

193 
glori, 
glory. 

194 

br n > 

glvpt, 
to hollow 
out. 

195 
grad, 
gress, 
gred, 

'gree, 

to go step by 

step. 



196 

graph, 

gram, 

gramm, 

grammat, 

grave, 
graft, 
to write. 



Ortlio 

Para 

Poly 

A(d) 

Con 

Dis 

In 

Un 



Ag 

Con 

E 

Se 

En 



Mis 
Un 



Dis 
Pre 



197 
grat, 
gratu, 

gratul, 

grat nl at, 

grae, 

gree, 

greet, 

pleasing. 

198 
grav, 
griev, 
grief, 

heavy. 

199 
greg, 
gregat, 
a flock. 

200 
gross, 
groc, 
thick. 

201 
grot, 

a cave. 

202 
gubern, 
gnbernat. 
govern, 
to steer. 

203 
gust, 
a tasting \ 
to taste. 



132 



A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 





204 | 


! 


211 | 




hot, 


Ad 1 


nab, 


Up r 


leav, 




a stranger. 


Co 1 


iabit, 


] 


lief, 






De 


ab, 




to lift, 






Dis ! 


bV 








220 


En 


libit, 


i 


212 




hum, 


Ex ] 


f o have. 


Ad 


her, 




hum at, 


In 




Co 


hes, 




the ground 


Pro 


j 


In 


hesit, 






Re 




Un 


hesit at, 








! 


'. 


to stick. 




221 




205 


"1 


i 


Ad 


i, 


An 


hal, 


i 




Ambi 


it, 


Ex 


halit, 




213 


Circum 


t, 


In 


to breathe. \ 


Ex 


hilar, 


Co 


ish, 








hilar at, 


Coun 


to go. . 




206 




mirthful, j 


Ex 




Un 


hal, 




i 


In 






heal, 


- 


214 


Ob 






hail, 


Per 


histor, 


Per 






hoi, 




knowing. 


Pre 






whol, 






Preter 






sound. 


Cat 


215 
hoi, 


Trans 






207 




•whole. 




222 


May 


hap, 








id, 


Mis 


chance. 




216 




oid, 


Per 




In 


horn, 




a form. 


Un 


208 


Super 


hum, 
a man. 




223 
idi, 


Dis 


harmon, 




'Ill 


• 


one's own. 


In 


agreement 


Dis 


honor, 






Un 


of sounds. 
209 


Un 


hones, 
honor. 




224 
ident, 
the same. 


Ex 


haust, 




218 








to draw out. 


De 


hort, 










Ex 


to encourage 




225 




210 






Un * 


imag. 


Be 


hav, 




219 




imagin, 




haf, 


In 


hospit, 




imaginat, 




to possess. 


Un 


jhost, 




a picture. 





ELEMENTS 


OF TEE 


ENGLISH LANGUAGE. igg 




226 




231 


De 


(fer,) 


Ab 


j ac > 




la, 


Di 


to hear. 


Ad 


ject> 




lay, 


E 




Con 


to throw. 




Ht, 


11 




De 






tlie people. 


Ob 




E 








Pre 




In 






232 


Pro 




Inter 




Ana 


lab, 


lie 




Ob 




Cata 


ieps, 


Sub 




Pro 


% 


|Pi 


lept, 


Super 




'Re 




Epi 


lemm, 


Trans 




Sub 




Meta 


to take. 






Tra(ns) 

■ 




Pro 






238 
lav, 




227 




233 




lo throw out 




j° c > 


Be 


labor, 








jocul, 


En 


laborat, 




239 




jok, 


Un 


to toil. 


Pro 


lax, 


| 


a jest. 


Under 




Re 


lix, 
leas, 




228 




234 




lay, 


Ad 


junct, 


Ba=bi 


lane, 




loose. 


Con 


junt, 




a dish. 






Dis 


j u & 








240 


En 


jugat, 




235 


Be 


leave, 


In 


join, 


Di 


lapid, 




lieve, 


Mis 


to join. 




lapidat, 




lief, 


Re 






a stone, 




to 'permit. 


Sub 












Un 






236 




241 


j 




Col 


laps, 


Ab 


^g, 






De 


to fall. 


Al 


lect, 




229 


E 




Col 


leagu, 


Ab 


jur, 


11 




De 


% 


Ad 


jurat, 


Inter 




Di 


lesson, 


Con 


just, 


Preter 




Dia 


legat, 


In 


right 


Re 




E 


to pick out. 


Per 




Sub 




Ec 




Un 




Supra 




11 
Intel 






230 




237 


Neg 




Un 


kin, 


Ab 


lat, 


Re . 






race. 


Col 


lay, 

■ 


Se 





134: 


A DK1LL . 


4i\jj ran 


diiVCr JiiJUn. 


lis l nr. 




» 


242 


Ob 


ligat, 


Dis ! 


a place. 


Re 


Len, 


Re 


.e^, 


E 






lenit, 




li, 


Inter 






lent. 




»y, 


Trans 






soft. 




leagu, 
lieg, 


' 


255 


. 


243 




to bind. 


A 


log, 


Al 


lev, 






Ambi 


a word. 


E 


levat, 




249 


Ana 




Ke 


liev, 


11 


limit. 


Anti 




Sub 


lim, 


Un 


limitat, 


Apo 






lief, 




a path 


Cata 






to lift up. 




across fields, 
a boundary. 


Deca 
Dia 






244 






Ec 




De 


liber, 




250 


En 




11 


liberat, 


Ec 


lip, 


Mono 






liver, 


El 


lips. 


Para 






free. 

J 




lipt, 
to leave. 


Pro 
Syl 






245 








256 


Al 


lie, 




251 


E 


long, 


De 


licat, 


Col 


liqu, 


Fur- 




E 


licit, 


De 


liquat, 


Crow) 


longat, 




light, 


E 


liquesc, 


Ob 


loung, 




to entice. 


Uu 


to melt. 


Pro 


leng, 
long. 




246 




252 






11 


licit, 


Re 


lish, 




257 


Un 


licenc, 




leek, 


Al 


loqu, 




licens, 




lick, 


Ambi 


locut, 




licenti, 




to lick. 


Circum 


to speak. 




leis, 






Col 






to be permit- 




253 


E 






ted. 


Al 


liter, 


Inter 








11 


literal, 


Multi 






247 


Ob 


letter, 


Ob 




Al 


lid, 




a letter. 


Pro 




Col 


lis, 








258 


E 


to strike. 




254 


Ab 


lu, 






Ab 


loc, 


Al 


lut, 




248 


Al 


locat, 


Di 


to tuash. 


Al 


lig> 


Gol 


low, 


E 







ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 135 




259 




2Q6 




273 


Ante 


luc, 




mago, 


Im 


mater, 


E 


lucid. 




mag, j 




matr, 


11 


lucidat, 




majest, 




mother, 


Inter 


lumin, 




great. 




matter. 


Pel 


luminat, 










Re 


to shine. 




267 




274 


Trans 




A 


man. 


Im 


matur, 






Ad 


min, 


Pre 


ripe. 




260 


Im 


main, 






Col 


luct, 


Mis 


the hand. 




275 


E 


Luctat, 


Un 




A 


maz. 


Ob 


to struggle. 






Be 


a network of 


Re 




. 


268 




paths, to 






Im 


man, 




confound. 




2G1 


JFer 


mans, 






Al 


lttd, 


He 


main, 




270 


Col 


lus, 




mil, 


Im 


medi, 


De 


to ylay. 




to stay: 


Inter 


mediat, 


E 










middle. 


11 






269 






Inter 




Com 


mand, 


Pre 


211 


Pre 




Counter 


mend, 


Un 


medit, 


Pro 




De 


to commit to 1 




meditat, 






Re 


to order. 


' 


to think. 




2G2 










Al 


lur, 




270 




278 




to decoy. 


Sub 


mar. 




mel, 






Trans 


the sea. 




raell, 




263 


Ultra 






honey. 


11 


luxuri, 












lusc, 




271 




279 




rankness. 


Counter 


marc, 




melan, 






Re 


mark, 




black. 




264 


Un 


march. 








lyr, 




marqu. 




280 




a harp, 




a mark, 


Com 


mem or, 








a limit. 


Im 


member, 




265 






Re 


minisc, 


Ana 


lvs, 




272 


Un 


ment, 


Cata 


lyt, 




mart, 




a calling to 


Para 


a loosing. 




march, 
ivar. 




mind. 



136 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



E 

1m 

Sub 



Ad 

Com 

Di 

Dia 

Hepta 

Hexa 

Im 

Octo 

Penta 

Sym 

Tri 

Uu 



Un 



Com 

E 

Im 

Pro 



281 
mer, 
mir, 

brisk. 

282 
mere, 
mercat, 
mercen, 
merch, 
market, 
goods. 

283 
merg, 
mers, 
to dip in. 



285 
milit, 
militat, 

a soldier. 

286 
min, 
minat, 
men, 

to threaten. 



Com 
Di 

Im 



M 



284 
met, 
metr, 
meas, 
mens, 
to measure. 



Ad 

Com 

Im 

Inter 

Per 

Pro 

Un 



C( 



Im 
Un 



Ad 

Com 

De 

Dis 

E 

Im 

Inter 

Intro 

O 

Per 

Pre 



! 287 

min, 

miniat, 

minut, 

minim, 

less. 

288 
[mir, 
mirat, 
mar, 
to wonder. 

289 
mise, 
mist, 
mixt, 
ming, 
mes, 
mass, 
to tnix. 



290 
miser, 
wretched. 



291 
mitig, 
mitigat, 
to soften. 

292 
mitt, 
mit, 
miss, 
mess, 
mass, 
to send. 



Preter 

Pro 

Re 

Sub 
Trans 



Com 

Im 

Re 



Un 



Ad 
De 
Pre 
Re 

Sub 



A(d) 
Dis 

Par-f-a 

Pro 

Sur 

Tra 

Ultra 



Bi 

Semi 
Tri 



293 
mod 
modat, 
modest, 
Treasure. 

294 
molest, 
trouble. 

295 
mon, 

monit, 
mon st r, 
monstrat, 
to put in 
mind. 

296 
mont, 
mount, 
a high hill. 



297 
moon, 
mon, 
the moon. 



298 
mar, 
the black 
mulberry. 



A BRILL ANB PARSING BOOK IX THE 



137 



1 


299 


I 


307 


p°g 


no, 


De 


mor, 


Com 


mut, 


Con 


nom, 


Im 


manner. 


Im 


mutat, 


De 


nomin, 






Inter 


to change. 


En 


noun, 




300 


Per 




Ig 


nois, 


Re 


mord, 


| Trans 




In 


noit, 




mors, 






Mis 


nit, 




mordic, 




308 


Pre 


niz, 




mordicat, 


Ad 


nasc, 


Pro 


to know. 




to bite. 


Con 


cat, 


Quadri 








Counter 


to be born. 


Tri 






301 


De 






314 


A 


mor, 


111 




An 


numer, 


Dis 


mort. 


In 




Con 


number. 


Ira 


to die. 


Preter 




E 




Uti 




Re 

Sub 


• 


In 

Out 






302 


Super 




Super 




Com 


rnov. 


Un 




L T n 




E 


mot, 




309 




315 


Im 


mo, 


An 


nect, 


An 


nunc, 


Pro 


mob, 


Con 


nex, 


De 


nunciat, 


Re 


to move. 




to tie. 


E 


nounc, 


Tin 








Inter 


to bring 








310 


Pro 


neios. 




303 


Ab 


neg, 


Re 




Com 


mun, 


De 


negat, 




316 


Im 


mon, 


Re 


riy, 


An=ad 


od, 


Re 


service. 
304 




to say no. 
311 


+in 


to hate. 


A 


mus, 


In 


noe, 




317 




to stand idle 


Ob 


nox, 


Epi-|_eis 


od, 




to think. 




nuis, 
to harm. 


Ex 

Meth 


a way. 




305 






Peri 




Im 


mus, 




312 


Syn 




Un 


a muse, 


Ab 


norm, 








a song. 


E 


a rule. 


Com 
Ep 


318 

od, 




306 




313 


Mon 


ed, 




mut, 


Asr 


nose, 


Par 


a song. 




dumb. 


Bi 


not, 


Pros 





138 



Ante 
Di 
Par 
Peri 



An 
Ant 
Met 
Par 

Syn 

Co 
In 



Cat 
Di(a) 

SyD 



Ad 
Pre 



Ad 
Ex 
Per 



Co 

Dis 

Extra 

In 

Pre 

Prim 

Re 



A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 
319 



oec, 

och, 

ec, 

isb, 

a house. 

320 
onom, 
onym, 
a name. 



321 
oper, 
operat, 
euver, 
work. 

322 
opt, 
ops, 
op, 
to see. 

323 
opt, 
optat, 
to wish. 

324 

or, 
orat, 
to beg. 

325 
ordin, 
ordinat ? 
ordain, 
order, 
ordon, 
order. 



fee mi 

Sub | 
ItJn, 



Dis 

In 

Re 



Ab 
Ex 
Un 



Ad' 
Sub 
Un 



Neer 



Ap 
Im 
Re 
Un 



Com 
Dis 

Im 



Im 



326 
organ, 
an instru- 
ment. 

327 
ori, 
ort, 

origin, 
to rise. 

328 
! orn, 
I or n at, 
to fit out. 

329 
oti, 

jotiat, 

ease. 

330 
pac, 
ipacat, 
ipeac, 
peas, 
peace. 

331 
pact, 

P a g> 
; pat cli, 
agreed. 



332 
pair, 
to make 
worse. 



Com 
Im 



Com 
Dis 

Im 
Non 



Ap 

Trans 



Ap 
Em 
Im 
Pre 
Re 
Se 



333 
palli, 
palliat, 
a covering* 

331 
pan, 
pan at, 
bread. 

335 
pand, 
pans, 
to spread. 

336 
par, 
paris, 
pair, 
peer, 
equal. 

337 
par, 
parit, 
pear, 

to come in- 
to view. 

338 
par, 
parat, 
pair, 
per, 
perat, 
pir, 
ver, 

to make 
ready. 

339 
pari, 
to speak. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



139 





340 


A 

After 
Ap 
Bi 

Com 


part, 
portion, 
portionat, 
a portion. 


Counter 




De 




Dis 




Im 




Multi 




Pro 




Quadri 
Re 




Tri 




Un 






341 


Com 

Im 

Over 


pass, 
to go by. 


Re 




Sur 




Tres 






342 


Ante 

De 

Re 


past, 
to feed. 


Un 






' 313 


Com 

Dis 

Im 


pat, 
pass, 
to suffer. 




344 


Anti 
Com 
Ex 
Im 


pater, 
patr, 
parr, 
a father. 




345 


A 

Anti 
Mono 


ipatb, 
pathet, 
to suffer. 



Syn 

Un 



De 
Dis 

Em 
Im 



Un 



Im 



. 346 
pauper, 

pover, 
poor. 

347 

Ipav, 

\to strike. 

• 
348 
;pecu, 
pecul, 
jpeculi, 
peculat, 
pecuni, 
cattle, 
private 
property. 





349 


Ap 


pell, 


Com 


puis, 


Dis 


pellat, 


Ex 


peal, 


Im 


to drive. 


Inter 




Pro 




Re 





Ap 

Com 

Counter 

De # 

Dis 

Equi 

Ex 

Im 

Over 



Per 
Pro 

S 

Sus 

Un 



Im 
Un 



Im 
Re 
Sub 



Bi 

Im 



350 
pend, 
pens, 
ponder, 
pois, 
to cause to 
hang down 



Ex 



Ap 

Com 

Im 

Per 

Re 



Apo 

Dia 

Em 

Epi 

En 

Pro 



351 

penetr, 
penetrat, 
to enter. 

352 
penit, 
pent, 
pen, 
to be sorry. 

353 
penn, 
pen, 
pinn, 
pin, 
\a feather. 

354 

peri, 
pert, 
to try. 

355 
pet, 
petit, 
peat, 
to seek. 



356 
phan, 
phas, 
phat, 

phant, ' 

phec, 

phes, 



140 



A DRILL AND PAUSING BOOK IN THE 





pliem, 


Im 


plead, 


llm 


to fold. 




phen, 


Un 


plais, 


Multi 






phet, 




placat, 


Octo 






fane, 




to, please. 


Per 






fant, 






iQuadru 


. 




to appear. 




363 


■Quintu 








Com 


plain, 


Re 






357 




plaint, 


Septu ( 




A-j-dia 


pher, 




plague, 


Sextu 




Ana 


phor, 




to beat. 


Sim 




Dia 


to bear. 






Sup 




Epi 






364 


Tri 




Meta 




Com 


plan, 


Un 




Peri 




Ex 


planat, 
plain, 




368 




358 




piano, 


De 


plor, 


Apo 


phthegm, 




level. 


Ex 


plorat, 


Di 


phthong, 






Im 


to cry out. 


Mono 


thegm, 




365 






Tri 


thegmat, 


Ap 


plaud, 




369 




to utter a 


Dis 


plans, 


Non 


plus, 




sound, 


Ex 


plod, 


Over 


plur, 




a voice. 


Im 


plos, 


Sur 


plu, 






Un 


to clap the 




more. 




359 




hands. 






Im 


pi, u 








370 


Un 


dutiful. 




366 




poke, 






;Con 


pie, 




pock, 




360 


De 


plet, 




poach, 


Be 


pict, 


Ex 


pleth, 




pouch, 


De 


paint, 


Ira 


plish, 




a small bag 


Im 


pig> . 


Re 


p ] y> 






Over 


to 'paint. 


Sup 


to fill. 




371 


Un 






367 


Circum 


pol, 
the pole. 




361 


Ap 


plic, 






Com 


P in g> 


Com 


plicat, 




372 . 


Im 


pact, 


De 


plex, 


Deca 


pol. 




to fix. 


Dis 


P% 5 


Im 


polit, 






Du 


ploy, 


Inter 


polat, 




362 


Dou 


Pty* 


Over 


a city. 


Com 


plac, 


Em 


pie, 


Re 




Dis 


please, 


Ex 

I 


bl, 


Un 





ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANG VAGE. 



141 





373 


I 


378 




384 


Ap 


pon, 


Up 


prec, 


Ap 


prob, 


Com 


posit. 


,De 


precat, 


Dis 


probat, 


De 


post, 


Im 


pray, 


Im 


proof, 


Dis 


pos, 




to entreat. 


Re 


prov, 


Ex 


pound, 




I 


1 


to test. 


Im 


to place, 




370 






Inter 




Ap 


prec, 




385 


Op 




De 


pric, 


Ap 


prop. 


Post 






prais, 


Re 


proxim, 


Pre 






priz, 


Un 


proximat, 


Pro 






a reward. 




propit, 


Pur 










propinqu, 


Re 






380 




propinquat 


Sub 




Ap 


prehencl, 




proach, 


Trans 




Com 
De 


prehens, 
pris, 




near. 




37 4 


Enter 


to grasp. 


i 

! 




De 


pop ul, 


Im 




i 


386 


Re 


populat, 


|Re 




|Ap 


proper, 


Un 


publ, 


jSur 




Ex 


propri, 




people. 




381 


Im 


ones own. 




375 


Com 


prem, 






Com 


part, 


De 


press, 




387 


De 


part at, 


Ex 


print, 


Ex 


pugn, 


Ex 


to carry. 


Im 


to bear 


Im 


pugnat, 


Ira 




Op 


down upon 


Op 


pugil, 


Op 




Over 


i 


Pro 


a fist. 


Pur 


\ 


Re 




!Re 




Re 




Sup 








Sup 






382 




388 


Trans 




Anti 


pri, 


Com 


pung, 




376 


Im 


prim, 


Ex 


punct, 


Im 


pat, 


Sub 


primat, 


Un 


poign, 


Omni 


pos, 


Un 


priinit, 




point, 




puis, 




prin, 




pon, ^ 




able. 




former. 




to prick. 




377 




283 






Im 


pract, ' 


De 


priv, 




380 


Mai 


pragmat, 




privat, 


Anti 


pur, 


Un 


clone. 




single. 


Im 


clean. 



142 



A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 





390 


Cor 


radiat, 


■ 


402 


Am(b) 


put, 


E 


a ray. 


Ar 


rid, 


Com 


putat, 


Ir 




De 


ris. 


Coum 


t, 






Ir 


ridicul, 


De 


to clean, 




396 




to laugh. 


Dis 


to reckon. 


E 


raciic, 






Im 






radical, 




403 


Re 


391 




radix, 
a root. 


Ir 


rigat, 

to 'water a 


Re 


quer, 




397 




field. 




quiem, 


Ar 


rang, 








gret, 


De 


rank, 




404 




to com- 


Out 


a row. 




ri gj 




plain. 


Under 






rigor, 

to be cold. 




892 




398 






Ac 


quiesc, 


Di 


rap, 




405 


Dis 


quiet, 


En 


rapt, 


Ar 


riv, 


In 


quit, 


Sub 


rept, 


De 


rivat, 


Re 


quiem, 




rav, 


Out 


a bank. 


Un 


rest. 




to snatch. 


Un 






393- 




399 




406 


Ac 


quir. 


Ir 


rat, 


Ab 


rog, 


Con 


quisit, 


Over 


reas, 


Ar 


rogat. 


Dis 


quer, 


Un 


to reckon. 


De 


to ask. 


Ex 


quest. 


Under 




Inter 


* 


In 


to seek. 






Pre 




Per 






400 


Pro 




Re 




Car 


reg, 


Super^- 




Un 




Di 


rect, 


e 








E 


regn, 


Sur 






394 


Inter . 


reign, 




407 


Bi 


quot, 


Ir 


roy, 




rumin, 


S=ex 


quoclr, 


Sou 


rge, 


i 


ruminat, 




quocirat, 


Su 


rce, 




the gullet, 




quod, 


Sub 


to keep 




to chew over 




quart, 




straight. 




again. 


v 


four. 




401 




408 




395 




rhetor, 


Ab 


rapt, 


Bi 


rad, 




an orator. 




to break. 



ELEMENTS 


OF THE 


ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 14g 


Cor 




Un 


si P> . | 


Sub 




Dis 






sav, 


Super 




E 






to taste. 


Trans 




Ir 








Un 




Inter 






415 






Pro 




Dis 


sat, 




420 






In 


satiat, 


Un 


scrap, 




409 


Over 


satis 




a small 




rar, 


Super 
Un 


satur. 




pointed 




rust, 


full. 




stone, t o 




the country. 




416 




hesitate. 




410 


A(d) 


scan, 




421 


Cod 


sacr, 


De 


scans, 


In 


sculp, 


De 


sanct, 


Trans 


scend, 




sculpt, 


Ex 


secrat. 


j:n 


scent, 




to engrave 


Ob 


saint, 


\ 


to climb. 






Uu 


sacerd, 








A'll 




holy. 




417 


As 


sed, 






Con 


sci. 


Re 


sess, 




411 


In 


to know. 


Con 


sid, 


For 


sak, 


Omni 




In 


sad, 




to contend:, 


Ne 




Po 


sieg, 






Pre 


• 


Re 


to sit. 




412 


Un 




Sub 




As 


sal, 




118 


Super 




De 


suit, 




scop, 






Ex 


sail, 


Bi=epi 


scopt. 


!Be 


423 


In 


sault, 


Epi 


shop, 


|Re 


seech, ', 


Re 


sil, 


Poly 


to look. 




seek, 


Sub 


to leap. 








to seek. 


Super 






419 






Trans 




Anti 


scrib, 




424 






As 


script, 


,Con 


sen, 




413 


Circum 


scriv, 




senat. 


In 


saly, 


Con 


to write. 




seigni, 


Re 


salvat, 


De 






signi, 


Un 


salut, 


Ex 






sense, 




saluber. 


In 






sir. 




well. 


Inter 
Pre 






old. 




414 


Pro 






425 


In 

» 


sap, 


Re 




As 


sent, 



144 



A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 



Con 


sens, 


• 


430 


In 




Dis 


scent, 


As 


sign, 


Un 




In 
Non 


to perceive 
by the sen- 


Con 
Counter 


signal, 
a mark. 




437 


Pre 


ses. 


De 


i 


Con 


sol, 


Re 




En 






splat, 


Super 


426 


In 

Pie 

Re 


' 




to comfort 


Con 


sequ, 


Under 






438 


En 


secut, 






Con 


solid. 


Ex 


second, 




431 ! 


Sur 


soli da t, 


Ob 


sue, 




sil, 


Un 


sold, 


Per 
Pro 


to follow. 




to he quiet. \ 




firm. 


Pur 






i 432 






Sub 




As 


si mil, 




439 






Dis 


similat, 


Ab 


solv, 




427 


Re 


simul, 


Dis 


solut, 


As 


sort, 




simulatj i 


Re 


solu, 


De 


ert, 




semble, 


Un 


to loose. 


Dis 


sermon, 




like. 






Ex 


to join. 








440 


In 






433 


A1) 


son, 








singul, 


As 


sound, 






' 


singl, | 


Con 


sound. 




428 




one to each.'l 


Dis 




Con 
De 


serv, 
servat, 




separate. 


Per 
Re 




Dis 


servit, 




434 






In 


serge, 


Dis 


sip, 




441 


Mis 

Ob 


to keep 
unharmed., 




sipat, 
to throve. 


Ab 
Fie 


sorb, 
sorpt, 


Pre 










to suck in. 


Re 






435 






Sub 






sit, 




442 


Super 


429 




situate, 
a site. 


As 

Con 

Un 


sort, 
a lot. 


Con 


sider, 




436 






De 


siderat, 


As 


soci, 




443 




sire, 


Con 


sociat, 


Re 


sort, 




to look for. 


Dis 


a partner. 


1 


to go. 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 34.5 





444 


Re 


spons, 


Ex 


stinct, 


Be 


spang, 




spous, 


In 


to scratch 




a shining 




espous, 




out. 




ornament. 




to promise. 




455 




445 




450 


Apo 


stol, 


As 


spars, 


As 


S fc, 


Dia 


stl, 


Dis 


spers 


Circum 


stat, 


Epi 


stalt, 


Inter 


to scatter. 


Con 


sist, 


Peri 


to se?id. 






Contra 


stas, 


Sy(n) 






446 


De 


stit, 




456 


De 


sper, 


Di 


stitut, 




string, 


Pro 


sperat, 


Ex 


stic, 




strong, 




spair, 


In 


to stand. 




streng, 




to hope. 


Inter 
Ob 






a small 
rope. 




447 


Per 








A(d) 


spic, 


Pro 






457 


Circum 


speet, 


Re 




A(d) 


string, 


Con 


spec, 


Sub 




Con 


strict, 


De 


spis, 


Super 




Di 


strain, 


Ex 


spit, 






Re 


strait, 


In 


espec, 




451 


Un 


stress, 


Intro 


to look. 


In 


staur, 




to draw 


Per 




Re 


staurat, 




tight. 


Pro 






stor, 


1 




Re 






to renew. 




458 


Sus 








Ana 


stropb, 


Trans 




1 


452 


Anti 


to turn. 






Con 


stell, 


Apo 
iCata 






448 


Inter 


stellat, 




A(d) 


spir, 




a star. 


Epi 




Con 


spirat, 






Mono 




Di 


spirit, 




453 




459 


Ex 


sprit, 


Con 


stern, 


Con 


stru, 


In 


spright, 


In 


strat, 


De 


struct, 


Per 


to breathe. 


Inter 


stern at, 


In 


stroy, 


Re 




Pro 


street, 


Ob 


to build. 


Sus 




Sub 


to spread. 


Sub 




Trans 




Un 




Super 


460 




449 




454 




strug, 


De 

10 


spend, 


Di 


stin gu, 




a quarrel. 



146 



A DETLL AND PABSTNG BOOK IN THE 



In 



Ab 



Au(cl) 
For 





461 


Dis 


suad, 


Per 


suas, 




to advise. 




462 


As 


sum, 


Con 


sumpt, 


Pre 


sumps, 


Re 


to take up 


Sub 




Trans 






463 


Com 


summ, 




summat, 




sum. 



464 
super, 
suprem, 
superb, 
sovereign, 
above. 

465 
surd, 
(leaf. 

466 
swer, 
swear, . 
to affirm. 

467 
swif, 
swiv, 

\t o m o v e 
quickly. 

468 
tabern, 
tavern, 
a hut. 



Eu 
Syn 



Cur(t) 
De 
En 
Re 



At 

Con 

En 

In 

Per 



Re 



! 469 
tabul, 
tabl, 
a board. 

470 
tact, 
tax, 
to place in 

order. 



471 
tail, 
to cut. . 



472 
tal , 
taliat, 
like. 

473 
tang, 
tact, 
tamin, 
tag, 
teger, 
tegr, 
tigu, 
tire, 
tax, 
taxat, 
task, 
touch, 
to touch. 



474 
tard, 
tardat, 
slow. 



Over 



De 
In 
Pro 
Re 



A 

Ana 

At 

Con 

Dis 

En 

Epi 

Ex 

In 

Mis 



At 
LTn 



Abs 

Con 

Conn 

De 

Enter 

Ob 

Per 

Pur 

Re 

Sus 



475 
ted, 
to weary. 

476 

teg, 
tect, 
to cover. 



477 

tern, 

tm, 

torn, 

tempi, 

templat, 

temp or, 

tempest, 

temper, 

temperat, 

tens, 

to cut, a 
piece cut 
off, time, 
to regit- 
late. 

478 
tempt, 
to make 
trial of. 

479 
ten, 
tent, 
tin, 
tain, 
to hold. 



ELEMENl'S OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



Wt 





480 




485 • 




tint, 


At 


tend, 


At 


test, 




taint, 


Con 


tens, 


Con 


test at, 




to color. 


Dis 


tent, 


De 


a witness. 






Ex 


to stretch. 


In 






491 


In 




Ob 




He 


tire, 


Os 
Par 




Pro 
Un 






to draw. 


Pre 










492 


Snb 






486 


111 


toler, 


Un 




A 


the, 




tolerat, 






Mono 


de, 




to endure 




481 


Poly 


div, 






At 


ter, 


Tri 


a g oil. 




493 


Con 


trit, 






A 


ton, 


De 


tri, 




487 


As 


tonat, 




tritur, 


Ana 


the, 


At 


tound, 




triturat, 


Anti 


them, 


\*m 


tun, 




to rub. 


Apo 


fchemat, 


w 


a sound. 






Epi 


thes, 


ISO 






482 


Hypo 


thee, 


Mono 




Con 


term, 


Meta 


to put. 


Peri 




De 


termin, 


Para 




Semi 




Ex 


terminat, 


Para-f- 




Syn 




In 


a bound. 


en 
Pro 
Pros 




Tri 
Un 






483 


Syn 




1 


494 


De 


terr, 




488 


U=eu 


top, 


Un 


ter, 


Un 


thesaur, 




a place. 




to make 




treasur, 








afraid. 




store. 


Con . 


495 
tort, 








489 


De 


tors, 




484 


In 


tim, 


Dis 


to twist. 


Circum 


terr, 




timid, 


Ex 




Con 


ter, 




timidat, 


In 




De 


terrest, 




timor, 


Re 




Ex 


the earth. 




to fear. 






In 










496 


Par 






490 


Abs 


trail, 


Sub 




Un 


tin<>\ 


At 


tract, 


Super 






tinct, 


Be 


trac, 



148 



A DRILL AND PAUSING BOOK IN THE 



Con 


tray, 




502 




510 


De 


trait, 


Dis 


turb, 


Be 


ut, 


Dis 


track, 


Per 


turbat, 




out, 


Ex 


train, , 


Un 


troubl, 




exterior. 


In 


treat, 




to confute j 






Par 


to drag. 








511 


Pro 




! 


503 


Ne 


uter, 


Re 




In 


turg. 




utr, 


Sub 






turgid, 




either. 


Un 






to groiv hig. 




512 




497 




504 




vacu, 


In 


trepid, 




ug, 




vacat, 




trepidat, 




ugh. 




empty. 




trembling. 




505 








498 


Ad 


umbr, 




313 


At 


trib, u 
tribut, 


Pen 


umbrat, 


E 


vad, 


Con 


S(ub) 


ombr, 


In 


vas, 


Dis 


to assign. 




a shade, 


Per 


to go. 


Re 






506 








499 


Dis 


un, 




514 


Con 


triv, 


Pve 


unit, 


E 


vag, 




to hit xipon 




one. 


Extra 


vagr, 
strolling 




500 




507 




about 


Abs 


trud, 


Ab 


und, 






De 


trus, 


In 


undat, 






Ex 


to thrust. 


Re 


ound, 




515 


In 






a wave. 


A 


val, 


Ob 








Bi 


vail, 


Pro 






508 


Con 


val esc, 


Re 




An 


ungu, 


Counter 


to he strong 






In 


unct, 


Equi 






501 




loint, 


In 




Con 


jtum, 




\to smear. 


Pre 




Ex 


tttnral, 






Quadri 




In 


! tumult, 


1 


509 


Quanti 




Pro 


tumid, 


Ab 


Lit, 


Tri 






! tumor, 


Dis 


US, 


Un 






tuber, j| 


In 


to use. 


Under 






to swell. 


Mis 
Un j 




Unij 





ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



149 



Circum 
Contra ] 
Inter 



516 
vail, 
vallat, 
val, 
a stake, 

517 
| van, 
! vain, 
empty. 

518 
vapor, 
vaporat, 

steam, 

519 
vari, 

diverse. 

520 
vas, 
vascul, 

vess, 
a vessel. 

521 
veh, 
vect, 
vex, 
veigh, 
yey, 

to carry. 

522 
ivelat, 
! veal, 
veil, 
a covering* 



Con 

Contra 

E 

In 

Inter 

Pre 

Re 

Sub 

Super 



Inter 



Re 



Ad 

Pro 



Acl 
Circum 



523 



ven, 
vent, 



A 

Ad 



to come. 


iCon 


' 


(Contro 




Di 




In 




Intro 




Ob 




Per 




Re 




Retro 




Sub 


524 


Trans 


ven, 


Uni 


venat, 


I 


vein, 




a blood ves- 


In 


sel. 




525 




vend, 




vendil, 


In 


ven, 




to sell. 




526 




ver, 


Con 


to fear. 


De 




En 


527 


In 


verb, 


Ob 


verbat, 


Per 


a word. 


Pre 




Tri 


528 




verd, 




green. 




520 




verm, 




a worm, 






Ad 


530 


De 


vert, 


Di 


vers, 


E 

1 



vertis, 
versat, 
vorc, 
to turn. 



531 

vestig:, 
vestigat, 
\a footstep. 

532 

veter, 

veterat, 

old. 

533 
vi, 
vey, 
voy, 
voic, 
a way. 



534 
vie, 
viciss, 
change. 

535 
vid, 

vis, 

visit, 

visitat, 



150 



A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 



En 


vist, 


Per 


vest, 


Pre 


vie, 


Pro 


vey, 


Pur 


vy, 


lie 


view, 


Super 
Sur 


us, 
ud, 




to see. 



In 



Con 

E 

In 

Pro 

Un 



In 

Un 



Con 
Re 



53G 

vigor, 
vigorat, 
to he lively. 



vigil, 
watchful. 

538 
vine, 
vict, 
vanqu, 
to overcome 



539 
viol, 
violat, 

to hurt. 



540 



viv, 
vict, 



Ad 

Con 

E 

Equi 

[n 

Pre 

Re' 

Oni 

Bene 
De 

En 
In 

Male 

Ne 



Cireum 

Con 

De 

E 

In 

Un 

Ob 

Re 



De 

Omni 



vit, 
to live. 

541 
voc, 
vocat, 
vok, 
voic, 
vouch, 
vow, 
a voice. 

542 
vol, 
volit, 
volunt, 
volupt, 
velop, 
to wish. 

543 
volv, 
volut, 
volumin, 
volt, 
to roll. 



544 
vor, 
vorac, 
vour, 
to eat greed- 
ily. 



A 
De 

Out 
Un 



A 

Be 



Com- 
m o 2 
Un 



Quick 

Un 

Under 



545 

vot, 

vout, 

vow, 

to 'promise. 

546 
wake, 
watch, 
to rouse 
from sleep , 
to be awake, 

547 
ware, 

taking no- 
tice. 

548 
weal, 
well, 
good. 



549 
wit, 
wis, 
wir, 
to know. 



550 
zeal, 
jeal, 
emulation, 



ELEMENTS OF TEE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



151 



PREFIXES 



The Prefixes with their meanings, should be carefully learned. 


A, 


on. 


Dec, 


ten. 


par, 








Demo, 


people. 


Peri, 


around. 


A, an 


without. 


Dia, di, 


through. 


Post, 


after. 






Dis, di, 


apart. 


Pre,prea, 


before. 


x^b, abs, 


front, off. 


Dodeca, 


twelve. 


Preter, 


beyond. 


a, adv, 




Dys, 


bad, 


Pr im , 


-first. 


av, v, 




Ec, 


out. 


prin, 








En, em, 


in. 


Pro, por, 


fore, for- 


Ad,ac,af, 


to. 


Enter, 


between. 


par, 


ward. 


ag, al, 




Epi, ep, 


upon. 


Quadr, 


four. 


an, ap, 




eph, 




Quinqu, 


five. 


ar, as, 




Equi, 


equal. 


Quint, 


five. 


at, 




Ex, re, ef, 


out. 


Re, red, 


back, again. 






Extra, 


beyond. 


Retro, 


backward. 


A in b i , 


around. 


En, ev, 


well, good, 


Se, 


without, 


amb, 




For, 


against. 


Semi, 


half. 


am, an, 




Fore, 


before. 


Sept, 


seven. 






Hept, 


seven. 


Sex, 


six. 


Am phi, 


around, on 


Hetero, 


other. 


Sine, sin, 


without. 




both sides. 


Hyper, 


above. 


sim, s, 








|Hyp°, 


under. 


Sub, sue, 


under. 


Ana, 


up, back- 


! kyp> 




suf, 


after. 




wards. 


In, ig, il, 


upon, not, 


sng, 




An(d,) 


against. 


im, ir, 


against. 


sup, 




Ante, 


before. 


Inter, 


among. 


s u r , 




Anti,ant, 


against. 


Intro, 


within. 


s u s , 




Apo, ap, 


from off. 


Juxta, 


close by. 


sou, 




aph, 




M e t a , 


after. 


s u , 




Arist, 


best. 


met, 




Subter, 


under. 


Aut, 


self. 


iMeth, 


beyond. 


Super, 


above, 


Be, 


near. 


Mill, mil, 


thousand, 


supra, 




Bene, 


well. 


Mis; 


wrong. 


sur, 




Bis, bi, 


two, ticice. 


iMon, 


single, 






By, 


beside. 


JNe, neg, 


not. 


Syn, syl, 


withy 


C a t a , 


down , 


iNon, 


against. 


syra, 


together, 


cat, 


a gains t. 


|Ob, ac, 


in front of. 


sys, sy, 




Cent, 


hundred. 


| of, op, 




T, 


intensive. 


Circum, 


around. 


iOct, 


eight. 


Tetra, 


four. 


Cis, 


on this side. 


Ortho, 


straight. 


jTheo, 


god. 


Con, co, 


with. 


iOut, 


beyond. 


iTrans, 


over, beyond. 


cog, col, 


together. 


Over, 


too much. 


i tra, traf, 




com , 




Para, 


beside. 


tres, 




con, 




par, 




Tri, 


three. 


cor, 




Pene, 


almost 


Un, 


not. 


conn, 




Penta, 


five. 


With, 


((gainst. 


De, 


dozen, from. 


Per, pel, 


through,very. 







152 



A DRILL AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 



SUFFIXES. 



These should be carefully learned, as they occur in the text used. 



Able, 


that may be, 


Dom, 


jurisdiction, 








full. 




state of being 


Ial, 


al. 


Ably, 


able-\-ly. 


Ed, 


participial, 


Ian, 


an. 


Ac, 


pertaining to 




did or was. 


Ible, 


able. 


Ace, 


that which. 


Ee, 


one who. 


Ibly, 


ably. 


Aceons, 


ac+eous. 


Eer, 


one who. 


Ic, 


pertaining to 


Acity, 


ac-j-ity. 


El, 


diminutive. \ 


leal, 


ic+al. 


Acle, 


doer, place. 


En, 


participial, 


Ice, 


that tohich. 


Acy, 


state of being 




that which. 




quality of, 


Ade, 


hawing the 
quality of, 




to make, 
made of, 




state of. 




that tohich. 




to become. 


Icity, 


ic+ity. 


Age, 


collective, 






Icle, 


cle. 




state of being. 


Ence, 


ance. 


Ics, 


doctrine, art, 


Ain, 


an. 


Ency, 


ancy. 




or science of. 


Al, 


pertaining to 


Enger, 


one who. 






An, 


pertaining to 


Ent, 


ant. 


Id, 


having the 




one who. 


Er, 


one who. 




quality of. 


Ance, 


state of being 




more. 






Ancy, 


state of being 


Ery, 


ary. 


Ie, 


y. 


Ant, 


ing, 


Escence, 


state of be- 


lencc. 


ance, 




<?ne who. 




coming. 


lent. 


ant, 


Ar, 


pertaining to 


Escent, 


becoming. 


Ific, 


fie. 


Ard, 


one tcho, 


Esque, 


like. 


ify, 


tic. 




that which. 


Ess, 


feminine. 


He, 


pertaining to. 


Ary, 


ar. 




state of being 


Ine, 


belonging to. 




place where. 


Est, 


most, sign 




participial, 


Asm, 


ism, 




of 3d pers. 




act of, 


Ate, 


state of being 




sing, in verbs 




state of, 




like, one who, 


Et, 


diminutive. 




that which. 




that ichich, 




one who. . 








to make. 




that which. 


Ion, 


act of, 


Atory, 


ate-J-ory. 


Eth, 


sign of Zd per 
sing, in verbs 




state of being, 
that which, 


Ce, 


state of, 












quality of, 






lot, 


ot. 




adverbial. 


Fie, 


to make. 


Ious, 


ous, 


Cle, 


diminutive. 


Ful, 


abounding in 


Isan, 


one who. 


Cule, 


diminutive. 


Fy, 


fie. 


Ise, 


to make, 


Cy, 


acy. 








to give. 




participial, 


G, 


ing. 






P, 


did or was, 






Ish, 


like, to make. 




that which. 


Hood, 


state of being 







ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



151 



state of be 

ing, 

act of, idiom 
of, doctrine 
of- 

one who, 
et, ite. 
one who, 
that which. 

ty. 

having the 
quality of, 
one who, 
tliat which. 

she who. 
ise. 

diminution, 

le. 

diminutive, 

frequntative, 

instrumental 

icithout. 
diminutive, 
similar to. 
diminutive. 
like. 

that which, 
sign of the 
obj. case. 

that which. 
men-f-ce. 
that which, 
that which, 
that which. 

participial, 
that which. 

adverbial. 



Ne, 
Ness, 



Ocity, 
Oid, 
Om, 
On, 



Or, 



Orv, 



Ose, 
Ot, 



Ous, 
On, 



R, 



Ren, 

Ress, 
Ric, 

Ry, 



participial, 
state of, 
quality of. 

ac+ity. 

like. 

that which. 

that which. 

diminutive. 

augmentative 

implemental. 

ness, 
one icho. 
that which. 

relating to, 
of place, 
that ichich. 

full of. 
diminutive, 
that ichich. 

full of. 
diminutive, 
that which. 

adverbial, 
sign of the 
poss. case. 

sign of the 

plural. 
stress, 
jurisdiction, 
whole of, 
practice of. 

sign of tlie 
plural, sign 
of the poss. 
case, sign of 
of the 3d per. 
sing. 



Ship, 
Some, 



St, 

Ster, 

Stress, 



Ter, 
Th, 



Tude, 
Tnre, 

Ty, 



Uble, 
Ude, 

Ule, 

Ulent, 

Ure, 



Ward, 

Ways, 

Wise, 

Y, 



Yer, 

Zen, 



in verbs. 

office of, 
having the 
quality of. . 
causing. 

est. 

one who. 
she who. 

participial, 
did or was. 
that which, 
the act of. 
quality of. 
that which, 
sign of 3d per 
sing, in verbs, 
adverbial, 
state of being, 
that which is 
to be. 

quality of. 
power. 

able, 
ness. 

diminutive, 
full of. 
that which, 
state of being. 

in direction 

of- 

adverbial, 

adverbial. 

full of, 
state of, 
diminutive, 
like. 

one who. 
one who. 



154 



A DRILL AXD PARSING BOOK IN THE 



BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 



Eng. stands for Englishman ; Am., for American ; b, for 
born and d, for died. 

Joseph Addison, Eng., writer of prose and of poetry, b. 
1672 3 d. 1719. His most popular works pre his papers in the 
" Spectator." The " Spectator " was begun in London, 
March 1st, 1711, and was issued daily for about two years. 
The Vision of Mirzais No. 159 of the '• Spectator." 

Sir Samuel White Baker, Eng., traveler, b. 1821. His 
accounts of his explorations in Africa are entertaining and 
valuable. 

George Bancroft, Am., statesman and historian, b. 1800. 
He graduated at Harvard College, and afterwards studied 
several years in Germany. His first literary productions were 
poems and translations. His History of the United States is 
the best yet written. 

William Cullen Bryant, Am., poet and journalist, b. 1794. 
He was educated at Williams College ; he studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1815. In 1826 he became con- 
nected with the N. Y. "Evening Post." 

John Bunyan, Eng., preacher and writer, b. 1628, d. 1688. 
His great work is the Pilgrim's Progress. 

William Cowper, Eng., poet, b. 1731, d. 1800. He was 
trained for the law, but scarcely entered upon the practice of 
it. John Gilpin and The Task, are among his poems. 

Thomas De Quincey, Eng., writer of prose, b. 1785, d. 1859. 
A Noble Revenge, is from his Autobiographical sketches. 

Charles Dickens, Eng., novelist,, bi 1812, d. 1870. He 
began, but soon abandoned, the study ot the law. He entered 
upon his literary career as a reporter of parliamentary debates. 

Oliver Goldsmith, Irish, novelist and poet, b. 1728, d. 1774. 
The Deserted Village, a poem, and The Vicar of Wakefield, 
a novel, are the most read of his works. Grace Preferable 
to Beauty, is from the " Citizen of the World." 

Thomas Gray, Eng., poet, b. 1716, d. 1771. The Elegy 
written in a Country Church yard, is the best known of his 
poems. v 



ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 155 

Washington Irving, Am., historian and biographer, b. 1783, 
d. 1859. He studied law and was admitted to the bar, but 
did not enter upon the practice of his profession. After a 
failure in merchant ile pursuits, he devoted his energies to 
literature, Christmas is from " The Sketch Book." 

Samuel Johnson, Eng., lexicographer and essayist, b. 1709, 
d. 1784. His English Dictionary is still used, Rasselas, a 
story, and the Rambler, a series of Essays, are two of the 
most important of his works. The Journey of a Day, is No. 
05 of " The Rambler." 

Charles Lamb, Eng., essayist and poet, b. 1775, d. 1834. 
His best known work is The Essays of Elia. Old China is 
one of those essays. 

Abraham Lincoln, Am., president of the TJ. S., b. 1809, d. 
1865. He received about a year's schooling, studied law 
while engaged in other business, and was admitted to practice 
law in 1836. He was elected to Congress in 1847, was elected 
president in I860, and in 1864. 

John Locke, Eng., philosopl^r and metaphysician, b. 1632, 
d. 1704. His greatest work is " An Essay concerning the 
the Human Understanding." His Thoughts, concerning 
Education, is a work of great value. 

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Am., poet, 1807. He 
graduated at Bowdoin College, studied law, became professor 
of modern languages at Bowd. Coll. Afterward he spent 
four years in Europe, and, in 1838, became professor at Har- 
vard College. Since 1854, he has devoted himself exclusively 
to literature. 

James Russell Lowell, Am., poet, satirist and critic, b. 1899. 
He graduated at Harvard College, was admitted to to practice 
of law in 1840, but soon devoted himself to literature. 

Francis Mahony, Irish, humorist and journalist, b. 1800. 
Pseudonym, Father Prout. 

James Montgomery, Scotch, poet and journalist, b. 1771, 
d. 1854. 

James Gates Percival, Am., poet and geologist, b. 1775, d. 
1856. He studied medicine and entered upon the practice of 
his profession in 1820, was slate geologist of 111. at the time 
of his death. 

William Robertson, Scotch, clergyman and historian, b. 
1721, d. 1793. The Army of Charles V before Algiers, is 
from his History of Charles V. 



156 A DTtTZX AND PARSING BOOK IN THE 

John Ruskin, Eng., art-critic, b. 1819. " The Sky " con- 
sists of selections from his works. 

John Godfrey Saxe, . Am ,- humorous poet, b. 1816. He 
graduated at Middlebury College, practised law for several 
years, but gave up the profession for literature. 

William Shakespeare, Eng , dramatist, b. 1564, d. 1616. 
Of his early life little is known. He was member of a com- 
pany styled "the Lord Chamberlain's Servants," and was 
both an actor and a writer of plays. 

Edmund Spenser, Eng., poet, b. 1553, d. 1599. His great 
work is "The Faerie Queene." 

Anne Steele, Eng., a wiiter of hymns, b. 1716, d. 1778. 

Jeremy Taylor, Eng., theologian, b. 1613, d. 1667. " Holy 
Living, Holy Dying and Liberty of Prophesying," are among 
the best of his works. 

Alfred Tennyson, Eng., poet, b. 1800. His first independ- 
ent volume appeared in 1830. 

Richard Chevenix, Trench, Eng. theologian and philologist, 
b. 1807. On the Study of Words, English Past and Present, 
Notes on the Miracles, and Notes on the Parables are some 
of his works. 

Isaac Watts, Eng., clergyman and poet, b. 1674, d. 1748. 
His "Hymns" which came into use about 1700, is said to have 
been " the first regular Hymn-book " in English. 



